Review Article
Leptin in Anorexia and Cachexia Syndrome
Table 1
Summary of markers of appetite regulation in various cachectic states.
| Condition | Appetite | Body Weight | Circulating Leptin Levels | POMC/α-MSH hypothalamic levels | NPY/AgRP hypothalamic levels | Circulating inflammatory markers | Hypothalamic inflammatory markers | References |
| Cancer cachexia | ↓ *# | ↓ *# | ↓ *# | ↑* | ↓
*
| ↑*# | ↑* | [60, 84–87] | CHF-induced cachexia | ↓ *# | ↓ *# | ↑*# | unknown | unknown | ↑*# | unknown | [10, 99–102, 115] | Pulmonary cachexia | ↓ *# | ↓ *# | ↓ *# | unknown | unknown | ↑*# | unknown | [121, 122, 124–126] | CKD cachexia | ↓ *# | ↓ *# | ↑*# | unknown | unknown | ↑*# | unknown | [135, 137, 139, 140, 142, 145] | Aging cachexia | ↓ *# | ↓ *# | ↓ *# | ↑* | ↓
*
| ↑*# | unknown | [146–150] |
|
|
—supported by human model data; *—supported by animal model data.
|