Research Article
The Influence of Race on Employment Status and Earnings of African Immigrant Men in the United States
Table 3
Odd ratios of logistic regression of labor force participation of black and white African immigrant men aged 16 to 64.
| | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2008 | | Characteristics | Model I | Model II | Model I | Model II | Model I | Model II | Model I | Model II |
| | Race | | | | | | | | | | White | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | | Black | 0.781*** | 0.660*** | 1.056*** | 0.929*** | 1.053*** | 0.993 | 1.285*** | 1.281*** | | Age group | | | | | | | | | | 16 to 24 years | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | | 25 to 34 years | 1.600*** | 1.589*** | 1.987*** | 1.878*** | 1.675*** | 1.659*** | 3.680*** | 3.674*** | | 35 to 44 years | 2.115*** | 2.095*** | 2.231*** | 2.120*** | 1.646*** | 1.624*** | 3.773*** | 3.773*** | | 45 to 64 years | 1.481*** | 1.442*** | 1.321*** | 1.139*** | 1.375*** | 1.337*** | 2.082*** | 2.085*** | | Education | | | | | | | | | | Less than 9 years | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | | 9 to 12 years | 1.895*** | 1.902*** | 1.578*** | 1.479*** | 1.514*** | 1.505*** | 2.313*** | 2.326*** | | 13 years or more | 2.642*** | 2.658*** | 3.075*** | 2.847*** | 3.050*** | 3.022*** | 3.902*** | 3.930*** | | Enrollment | | | | | | | | | | Not in school | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | | In school | 0.140*** | 0.124*** | 0.199*** | 0.135*** | 0.446*** | 0.310*** | 0.301*** | 0.321*** | | Marital status | | | | | | | | | | Not married | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | | Married | 1.820*** | 1.771*** | 1.531*** | 2.122*** | 1.432*** | 1.582*** | 1.598*** | 1.532*** | | Duration of immigration | | | | | | | | | | Less than 5 years | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | | 5 to 9 years | 2.600*** | 2.616*** | 2.527*** | 2.600*** | 1.315*** | 1.324*** | 1.502*** | 1.502*** | | 10 years or more | 2.276** | 2.276*** | 1.920*** | 1.966*** | 1.358*** | 1.377** | 1.552*** | 1.550*** | | English proficiency | | | | | | | | | | Speaks only English | 1.999*** | 1.999*** | 2.780*** | 2.877*** | 1.773*** | 1.764*** | 0.705*** | 0.706*** | | Speaks very well | 1.534*** | 1.537*** | 2.583*** | 2.659*** | 1.638*** | 1.630*** | 0.854*** | 0.855*** | | Speaks well | 1.316*** | 1.317*** | 2.090*** | 2.075*** | 1.274*** | 1.269*** | 0.866*** | 0.864*** | | Not well | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | | Region | | | | | | | | | | Northeast | 0.981 | 0.984 | 0.889*** | 0.880*** | 0.854*** | 0.850*** | 1.100*** | 1.103*** | | Midwest | 1.021 | 1.025 | 0.931** | 0.917*** | 1.025 | 1.020 | 1.099*** | 1.103*** | | South | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | | West | 1.501*** | 1.504*** | 0.960* | 0.940* | 0.933*** | 0.927*** | 0.724*** | 0.728*** | | Interactions | | | | | | | | | | Marriage by Race | | 1.037 | | 0.587*** | | 0.864*** | | 1.060** | | School Enrollment by Race | | 1.258*** | | 1.922*** | | 1.597*** | | 0.924*** | | −2 Log-Likelihood | 72,549 | 72,520 | 125,915 | 125,014 | 324,568 | 323,978 | 433,052 | 433,020 | | Total number of cases | 4,288 | 4,288 | 7,812 | 7,812 | 15,028 | 15,028 | 4,896 | 4,896 |
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Source: analysis based on 5 percent IPUMS data sets.
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