Review Article

Population Ageing and Socially Assistive Robots for Elderly Persons: The Importance of Sociodemographic Factors for User Acceptance

Table 1

Summary characteristics of included studies.

AuthorsTechnologyObjectiveSociodemographic factors taken into accountCountry

[76]iCatStudy to test if user group appreciates social behaviour of iCat and its persuasion skillsNoneThe Netherlands
[2]Health care robotsReview of the literature on human responses to healthcare robotsAge, gender, technological experience, education, cultureNot country-specific
[38]Paro, NeCoRo, Bandit, AiboReview of the potential of socially assistive robotsGender, cultureNot country-specific
[32]Healthcare robotsStudy about older persons who discussed their use of and attitudes towards technology in the context of their home, at work, and in health careAgeNot country-specific
[42]Assistive robotsStudy to analyse how assistive technology can be acceptable for the userAgeUnited Kingdom
[65]Telecare and robots in generalThe focus of this study is on older people’s perception of telecare and care interactions within the homeNoneUnited Kingdom
[40, 41]Technology in general, Health care robotsStudy on coping strategies and technology in later life and in daily activitiesGender, age, education, income, living conditionItaly
[43]Socially assistive robotsPsychological approach to evaluate robots in a domestic settingAge, gender, technological experience, educationItaly
[77]RoboCareThe focus of this study is on social interaction between users and robotic agentsNoneItaly
[78]RoboCareAnalysis of psychological implications on the interaction between the user and an assistive robotic companionNoneItaly
[64]RoboCare, PEISComparison between elderly Italians’ and Swedes’ perceptions of social assistive domestic robotsAge, gender, cultureItaly, Sweden
[48, 5153, 79]iCatThe five papers describe the influence of robots’ social abilities on elderly user’s acceptanceGender, technological experienceThe Netherlands
[49]iCatThe objective of this study is to develop a model for identifying the main influences on acceptance of socially assistive robots by elderly usersNoneThe Netherlands
[17]Socially assistive robotsThe focus of this study is on elderly people’s health-related and psychological well-being-related effects of robotsNoneNot country-specific
[50]iCatThe study explores the acceptance of robotic technology by elderly usersNoneThe Netherlands
[54]RoboCareFocus is on the influence of various factors on the robot acceptance by older adultsAge, gender, education, technological experienceThe Netherlands
[55]PeopleBotThe study investigates if women view robots differently to menGenderUSA
[62]Assistive robotsThe paper examines which technologies persuade the elderly to use themTechnological experience, family statusFinland
[44]iRoThe study evaluates robots for elderly and analyses the role of their identityAge, social environmentThe Netherlands
[80]NabaztagThe focus of this study is on acceptance and use of a social robot by elderly people in a domestic settingNoneThe Netherlands
[81]HOAP-3, HRP-2The study investigates people’s ideas on future human-robot relationshipsNoneAustria
[82]Domestic robots; RoboXThe study explores what people expect from robots and what influences their perceptionNoneSwitzerland, France
[83]Healthcare robotsExperts and designated users were asked to discuss future visions of robotics in long-term careNoneThe Netherlands
[45]Personal robotsThe paper Investigates for whom robots should be built and what they should be likeAge, gender, educationSwitzerland
[84]Aibo, iCat, BIRON, BARTHOCThe paper reports the results of a survey on the influences of appearance and abilities of social robotsAge, technological experience, profession, educationGermany
[71]26 different robotsMain objective of the paper is to give recommendations on the design of robots to engineersAgeFrance
[63]Domestic robotsThe study investigates the acceptance of domestic robots by younger and older adultsAge, technological experienceNot country-specific
[46]Medical assistive robotsThe paper reports the results of two studies that focused on acceptance of assistive robots in general and user diversity factors in particularAge, gender, socio-economic statusGermany
[66]CERO, FLO, Roomba, Wakamaru, AiboThe study investigates whether the task assistance of a robot relates to its social roleAge, educationSweden
[85]ACE RobotThe paper discusses methodological variations for the evaluation of human-robot interactionsNoneGermany
[69]Assistive robotsThis is an ethnographic study of ageing adults who live independently in their homesNoneUSA
[67]Robots in generalThis study compares attitudes towards robots between faculty members of an US-American and a Japanese universityAge, gender, culture, education, robot related experienceUSA, Japan
[72]Assistive robots, ParoThe paper provides an overview of an evaluation of robots for elderly in DenmarkNoneDenmark
[47]CharlesThe authors investigated age and gender factors in user acceptance of health care robotsAge, gender, culture, technological experienceNew Zealand
[68]Assistive robotThe study analyses the reactions of retirement village residents and staff to a health-care robotTechnological experienceNew Zealand

Full citations of the included studies are in the List of Reference.