Mortality from Diabetes by Hispanic Groups: Evidence from the US National Longitudinal Mortality Study

Table 4

Does socioeconomic status eliminate or reduce ethnic disparities in diabetes?

Covariate	Model 1 (baseline)			Model 2 (saturated)
	𝛽	RR	95% CI	𝛽	RR	95% CI
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white		1.00	Reference		1.00	Reference
Mexican	0.683**	1.98	1.57, 2.48	0.403**	1.50	1.19, 1.88
Puerto Rican	0.348	1.42	0.79, 2.51	0.027	1.03	0.57, 1.82
Cuban	0.129	1.14	0.61, 2.12	−0.003	0.99	0.53, 1.86
Other Hispanics	0.075	1.08	0.83, 1.39	−0.069	0.93	0.71, 1.21
Non-Hispanic black	0.641**	1.90	1.66, 2.17	0.416**	1.51	1.32, 1.74
Non-Hispanic other	0.285	1.33	0.90, 1.78	0.235	1.26	0.94, 1.69
Nativity status
Born in USA		1.00	Reference		1.00	Reference
Born outside USA	−0.344**	0.71	0.54, 0.92	−0.368**	0.69	0.53, 0.90
Sex
Female		1.00	Reference		1.00	Reference
Male	0.230**	1.26	1.14, 1.38	0.239**	1.27	1.15, 1.39
Marital status
Married		1.00	Reference		1.00	Reference
Not married	0.431**	1.54	1.39, 1.69	0.281**	1.32	1.19, 1.46
Central city residence
Lives outside city		1.00	Reference		1.00	Reference
Lives in city	0.081	1.08	0.98, 1.20	0.119*	1.13	1.02, 1.24
Health insurance
Has insurance		1.00	Reference		1.00	Reference
Lacks insurance	0.033	1.03	0.94, 1.13	−0.054	0.94	0.86, 1.04
Educational attainment
Some college					1.00	Reference
High school				0.092	1.09	0.94, 1.27
Less high school				0.556**	1.74	1.51, 2.00
Family income
Above $40,000					1.00	Reference
Less than $10,000				0.677**	1.97	1.65, 2.34
$10,000–$19,999				0.616**	1.85	1.57, 2.18
$20,000–$29,999				0.430**	1.54	1.30, 1.82
$30,000–$39,999				0.319**	1.37	1.13, 1.67
Income unknown				−0.408**	0.66	0.51, 0.87
Age
25–44		1.00	Reference		1.00	Reference
45–64	2.02**	7.60	6.38, 9.05	1.916**	6.79	5.69, 8.10
65 and above	3.51**	33.56	28.34, 39.74	3.144**	23.21	19.45, 27.70
−2 log 𝐿		46288.09		46055.9
ΔLL (𝜒^2)				232.11**	df = 7
LRS		3133.4**		3365.5**
Events		1874		1874
Population at risk		579566		579566

Note: β: hazards regression coefficient; RR: relative risk/hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; *significant at 𝑃<0.05; **significant at 𝑃<0.01.
ΔLL: change in log likelihoods (baseline alternate).