Enhanced Photosynthesis and Carbon Metabolism Favor Arsenic Tolerance in Artemisia annua, a Medicinal Plant as Revealed by Homology-Based Proteomics

Table 2

Photosynthetic rate (𝑃_𝑠), stomatal conductance (𝑔_𝑠), intercellular CO₂ (𝐶_𝑖), transpiration rate (𝐸), water use efficiency (WUE), 𝐹_𝑣/𝐹_𝑚 (the maximal photochemical efficiency), photosystem I activity (PS-I), photosystem II activity (PS-II), whole chain electron transport chain, ATP and NADPH contents of control, and As treated A. annua plants. Measurements were conducted when plants were 8-month old.

Physiological parameters	Control	100 µM	150 µM
𝑃𝑠 (μmol CO2 m^−2 s^−1)	31.7±0.43^a	30.0±0.78^b	23.5±0.99^c
𝑔𝑠 (mol H2O m^−2 s^−1)	0.44±0.04^a	0.36±0.07^a	0.34±0.08^a
𝐶𝑖 (ppm)	201.0±8.9^a	189.0±9.7^a	212.0±5.7^a
𝐸 (mmol H2O m^−2 s^−1)	6.1±0.45^a	6.08±0.67^a	6.02±0.54^a
WUE (µmol mol^−1)	3.2±0.02^b	5.1±0.82^a	4.9±1.1^a
𝐹𝑣/𝐹𝑚	0.82±0.01^a	0.79±0.02^a	0.72±0.04^b
PS-I activity (μmol O2 consumed mg^−1Chl h^−1)	250±9.01^c	375±11.0^a	279±10.0^b
PS-II activity (µmol; O2 evolved mg^−1Chl h^−1)	225±11.0^a	199±12.0^b	154±12.0^c
Whole chain (µmol; O2 evolved mg^−1Chl h^−1)	148±12^a	149±22.3^a	109±11^b
ATP (µmol g^−1 FW)	0.37±0.07^a	0.40±0.12^a	0.29±0.07^a
NADPH (nmol g^−1 FW)	5.17±0.61^b	7.12±0.82^a	3.91±0.71^b

All values are mean ± SD (𝑛=6). Different letters show significantly different values (𝑃<0.05, DMRT).