Enhanced Photosynthesis and Carbon Metabolism Favor Arsenic Tolerance in Artemisia annua, a Medicinal Plant as Revealed by Homology-Based Proteomics

Table 3

Arsenic-induced differentially expressed proteins in Artemisia annua identified by MALDI-MS/MS analysis.

Spot No.	Protein name	Plant species/accession number	Mr/pI Theoretical^a	Mr/pI Experimental^b	Score^c		Matched peptides^d	Coverage (%)^e	Cellular location	Blast P results^f	Fold change^g
					Protein	Peptide
	Energy metabolism (primary carbon metabolism)
1	Transketolase	Spinacia oleracea/gi∣68052991	80.7/6.2	66.0/5.9	87	50	2	12	Chloroplast	—	−1.89^b	−2.10^a
6	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Mikaniamicrantha/gi∣269856436	37.0/8.5	32.0/6.8	96	63	2	9	Cytosol	—	1.85^a	1.87^a
37	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, putative	Ricinus communis/gi∣255539282	49.1/7.5	36.0/6.0	257	132	4	9	Cytosol	—	1.60^b	2.04^a
23	Unknown	Glycine max/gi∣255641007	48.8/6.7	29.0/4.1	257	136	4	11	Cytosol	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	4.51^a	1.70^b
22	Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activase	Glycine max/gi∣358249078	48.8/6.2	40.0/4.9	418	122	4	13	Chloroplast	—	−1.55^a	−1.72^a
36	Plastidic aldolases	Solanum tuberosum/gi∣1781348	38.6/5.8	32.0/5.8	303	113	5	28	Chloroplast	—	1.50^a	−1.08^b
12	Plastidic aldolases	Solanum tuberosum/gi∣1781348	38.6/5.8	20.0/5.5	279	103	3	12	Chloroplast		2.69^a	1.96^a
17	Carbonic anhydrase	Flaveria bidentis/gi∣1089983	36.0./5.8	26.0/6.9	128	87	2	13	Chloroplast	—	3.10^a	2.00^b
27	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Flaveria bidentisi/gi∣1089983	36.0/5.8	29.0/6.5	209	111	4	9	Chloroplast	—	3.22^a	2.86^b
40	Carbonic anhydrase	Dimocarpus longan/gi∣339958979	35.2/6.5	24.0/6.4	128	87	2	10	Chloroplast	—	4.4^a	2.3^b
30	ATP dependent Chloroplast protease putative	Ricinus communis/gi∣255537123	30.9/8.7	58.0/5.4	90	90	1	5	Chloroplast	—	−3.02^a	−3.63^a
34	Fuctose-bis-phospahte aldolase,	Spinacia oleracea/gi∣22633	42.7/7.5	27.0/4.5	93	39	3	10	Chloroplast	—	2.12^a	1.04^b
39	Malate dehydrogenase	Solanum tuberosum/gi∣21388544	36.4/8.8	34.0/6.4	248	157	3	16	Mitochondria	—	−0.75^b	2.12^a
41	Ribose-5-phosphate-isomerase	Spinacia oleracea/gi∣18654317	30.9/6.5	25.0/6.1	69	69	1	10	Chloroplast	—	1.72^a	1.54^a
44	Triosephosphate isomerase	Medicago tranculata/gi∣1351282	27.7/6.5	25.0/4.9	227	130	3	8	Cytosolic	—	1.29^a	1.50^a
42	Triosephosphate isomerase	Medicago tranculata/gi∣1351282	27.7/6.5	26.0/5.6	129	89	2	11	Cytosolic	—	1.49^a	1.50^a
4	PS II PsbP protein (Oygen Evolving enhancer 2)	Pisum sativum/gi∣131390	28.2/8.2	22.0/6.4	138	54	6	9	Chloroplast	—	2.24^a	2.46^a
3	Photosynthetic electron transfer-like protein	Panax ginseng/gi∣89475526	19.9/5.7	20.0/6.1	132	94	2	14	Chloroplast		−1.04^b	1.39^a
5	Unnamed protein product	Spinacia oleracea/gi∣21283	31.9/7.6	28.0/5.2	252	76	3	20	Chloroplast	PSII-O, photosystem II, oxygen evolving enhancer	1.39^a	1.49^a
8	Ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase	Solanum peruvianum/gi∣61969078	5.4/7.7	22.0/6.8	247	112	4	7	Chloroplast	—	2.41^a	−1.50^b
38	Ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase	Solanum peruvianum/gi∣61969078	35.4/7.7	28.0/6.0	358	146	5	16	Chloroplast	—	1.70^a	1.18^b
2	Chlorophyll a, b, binding protein	Solanum lycopersicum/gi∣115813	29.3/8.9	23.0/5.9	63	63	1	10	Chloroplast	—	−1.93^b	−1.50^a
11	Chloroplast PSI Type III	Helianthus annuus/gi∣159138839	13.8/4.5	24.0/5.8	113	71	2	19	Chloroplast	—	2.83^b	2.36^a
10	Chlorophyll a, b, binding protein	Pisum sativum/gi∣20671	29.3/5.2	23.0/5.9	86	44	2	14	Chloroplast	—	1.99^b	2.17^a
20	Unknown protein	Medicago tranculata/gi∣217071344	31.2/6.5	38.0/4.3	149	54	3	10	Chloroplast	Chlorophyll a, b, binding protein	3.12^a	1.35^b
21	ATP synthase β chain	Viburnum opulus/gi∣7688419	22.7/4.3	45.0/5.2	55	16	2	76	Chloroplast	—	2.68^a	−0.56^b
24	Rieske-FeS protein	Arabidopsis thaliana/gi∣9843639	24.6/8.8	15.0/5.1	49	49	1	5	Chloroplast	—	2.35^a	−1.06^b
Energy metabolism (photorespiration)
14	P protein	Flaveria pringlei/gi∣438003	11.4/6.5	8.0/4.5	79	41	2	10	Chloroplast	—	2.24^a	2.46^a
ROS scavenging and defence
18	Dehydro ascorbate reductase	Lotus japonicas/gi∣66732627	29.1/7.7	26.0/6.0	83	83	1	4	Cytosol	—	3.07^a	1.98^b
19	Ascorbate peroxidase-2-like protein	Tragopogan dubius/gi∣290796648	13.1/4.5	27.0/5.3	91	91	1	20	Cytosol	—	3.44^a	2.67^b
Transcriptional Regulator
25	SGRP glycine rich binding protein	Daucus carota/gi∣544426	15.7/5.3	15.0/5.3	157	107	3	25	Cytoplasm	—	2.83^b	3.00^a
26	Maturase K	Prinsepia uniflora/gi∣290583766	32.2/9.0	26.0/5.8	56	47	1	13	Cytoplasm	—	2.90^b	3.16^a
28	LEAFY like protein	Mimulus guttatus/gi∣14573451	9.1/9.6	25.0/4.8	20	20	1	16	Cytoplasm	—	2.32^a	2.38^a
Protein metabolism
13	Ribosomal L12 1a	Nicotiana tabacum/gi∣20020	20.3/6.04	20.0/4.6	102	102	1	7	Cytoplasm	—	2.45^b	−1.25^a
16	NAD(P)-rossaman binding protein	Arabidopsis thaliana/gi∣18404496	34.9/8.37	15.0/6.3	114	61	2	10	Cytoplasm	—	2.19^a	2.29^a
29	Chloroplast heat shock protein 70-1	Ipomoea nil/gi∣166919370	74.4/5.1	63.0/4.8	308	124	4	10	Cytoplasm	—	−2.43^a	−1.79^b
Secondary metabolism
9	Chalcone synthase	Leibnitzia anandria/gi∣1403057	25.4/5.4	25.0/6.5	50	50	1	8	Cytoplasm	—	2.24^b	2.30^a
31	S-adenosyl methionine synthase	Arabidopsis thaliana/gi∣15228048	42.4/5.7	38.0/5.8	281	93	5	16	Cytoplasm	—	1.61^a	1.41^a
Transport protein
35	ABC transporter like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana/gi∣224090097	66.6/9.6	29.0/5.5	27	27	1	10	Cytoplasm	—	1.50^a	1.28^a
Unknown proteins
32	Unknown protein	Populus trichorpa/gi∣224130876	83.0/5.9	97.0/6.2	26	26	1	2	—	Unknown protein	−1.9^a	−1.7^a
33	Hypothetical protein	Vitis vinifera/gi∣147845220	60.5/8.68	55.0/5.8	38	38	1	5	—	Hypothetical protein	1.5^b	1.9^a
43	Unknown protein	Zea mays/gi∣302844664	17.0/7.8	24.0/5.4	30	30	1	4	—	Unknown protein	1.99^a	1.67^b
45	Hypothetical protein	Sorghum bicolor/gi∣242061954	46.2/6.5	22.0/4.7	43	29	3	1	—	Hypothetical protein	1.67^b	1.80^a
46	Unknown protein	Vitis vinifera/gi∣296081316	47.9/9.4	21.0/4.3	33	33	1	2	—	Unknown protein

aTheoretical mass (kDa) and pI of identified proteins were calculated consulting databases NCBI nr and Swissprot.
^bExperimental mass (kDa) and pI of identified proteins.
^cScore: the protein score is derived from the ions scores from an MS/MS search.
^dMatched peptides derived from MS/MS data.
^eCoverage (%): it is the percent of the residues in each protein sequence that have been identified.
^fBlast P result similar to the result as obtained in NCBInr database is indicated by (—).
^gFold change is calculated as a ratio of the averaged means of normalized spot volumes of control and the treatments.