|
| Sample (s) | Analyte | Remarks | Pre concentration factor | LOD | Complexing agent | Ref. |
|
| Natural waters and human hair | Cu | Column with TDMBAC-treated analcime pyrocatechol immobilized | 200 | 0.05 ng/mL | Pyrocatechol violet | [221] |
| Natural waters | Mn | — | 20 | 5 ng/mL | 1-(2-piridilazo)-2-naftol (PAN) | [222] |
| Natural water | Cu and Pb | — | 250 | 0.07 μg/L Cu(II) and 2. μg/L Pb(II) | Diethyl dithiophosphate (DDPA) | [223] |
| Natural water | Cd(II) | — | 120 | 1.3 μg/L | Ammonium O,O-diethyl dithiophosphate (DDTP) | [224] |
| Water samples and reference materials: sewage sludge (CRM 144R), and sea water (CASS 4) | Cd(II) | Minicolumn | 200 | 0.3 ng/mL | Xylenol orange loaded on activated carbon | [225] |
| Water | Be | — | 300 | 0.8 μg/L | Octadecyl silica gel modified with aurin tricarboxylic acid (aluminon) | [226] |
| Industrial wastewater and natural water | Cu | — | 100 |
*
| Carboxyl cotton chelator (CCC) | [227] |
| River and ground water | Cu (II) | — | 16 | 3 μg/L | Peat | [228] |
| Natural water and commercial tea bag | Mn | Column | 200 | 0.245 μg/L | Amberlyst 36 | [229] |
| Urine | Co (II) | Modified with Cyanex302 | 133 | 1.5 μg dm−3 | Octadecyl bonded silica membrane disk | [239] |
| Spinach, black tea and rice flour | Cd, Co, Cu, and Ni | — | 39 (Cd), 69 (Co), 36 (Cu), and 41 (Ni) | (Cd) 0.31, (Co) 0.32, (Cu) 0.39 and (Ni) 1.64 μg L− 1 | Amberlite XAD-2-PC resin | [231] |
| Environmental and biological | Cd and Cu | — | 24 (Cd) and 25 (Cu) | 0.30 μg/L (Cd) and 0.11 μg/L (Cu) | Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) | [232] |
| Tap water, river water | Cd, Co and Cu | — | 100 | (Cd ) 0.062, (Co) 0.084, and (Cu) 0.057 μg/L | Amberlite XAD-2 resin | [233] |
| Tap water, ground water and river water | Cd, Co, Cu, and Zn | — | 42 (Cd), 33 (Co), 28 (Cu), and 31 (Zn) | (Cd) 0.1, (Co) 0.5, (Cu) 0.3 e (Zn) 0.2 μg/L | Amberlite XAD-4 resin | [234] |
| Geological and water | Au | Microcolumn | 50 | 0.21 ng/mL | Nanometer TiO2 immobilized on silica | [235] |
| Water | Cd | Ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction (USAEME) | 95 | 0.91 μg/L | Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate solution (NaDDTC·3H2O) | [236] |
| Fruit juices | Zn | — | 25 | 1.7 μg/L | Zincon | [237] |
| River water, human serum, and urine samples, and standard alloys | Cu | Modified with bis-(3-methoxy salicylaldehyde)-1,6-diaminohexane | 100 | 30.0 ng/L | Octadecyl silica membrane disk | [238] |
| Water | Fe(III) | Modified by synthesis (Bis-(4-nitro phenyl azo) salisilidine-1,3-diamino propane) | 100 | 20.0 ng/L | Octadecyl silica membrane disk | [239] |
| Tobacco, black tea, coffee, soil and river sediment | Cd(II) and Pb (II) | Dowex Optipore V-493 | 50 | (Cd) 0.43 μg/L and (Pb) 0.65 μg/L | Sodium dibenzyldithiocarbamate (DBDTC) | [240] |
| Water | Ag | Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) | 16 | 1.2 ng/mL |
**
| [241] |
| Road dust and water | Pd | Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) | | 1.4 ng/mL |
**
| [242] |
| Tap water, pond water, and seawater | Cu(II) | Sorbent | 20 | 9.0 μg/L | Modified silica containing amidoamidoxime group | [243] |
| Black tea, rice flour, sesame seeds, tap water and river water | Co (II) and Ni (II) | — | 83.3 | 0.37 ng/mL Co(II) and 0.71 ng/mL Ni(II) | Silica gel-polyethylene glycol | [244] |
| Dust and rock | Pd (II) | — | 17(AC), 80 (EG), 66.5 (fullerene), 25 (MWCNT) and 10 (SWCN) | 1.0 μg/L | Diethyl ammonium dithiocarbamate (DDTC) | [245] |
| Street/fan blade dust and rock | Pd (II) | — | — | 1.0 μg/L | Diethyl ammoniumdithiocarbamate (DDTC) | [246] |
| Natural water | Cd (II) | — | 50 |
*
| Carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles | [247] |
| Human hair, Beet, Kadoo Apple juice | Cu and Mn | Sorbent | — | 5.2 μg/L (Cu) and 5.4 μg/L (Mn) | Polyethylenimine polymer | [248] |
| Biological and plan | Cu and Cd | Sorbent | 300 for Cd and 400 for Cu | 4.5 μg/L (Cu) and 1.54 μg/L (Cd) | Polyacrylic acid/alumina | [249] |
| Water | Cd and Pb | | 20 | 0.021 (Cd) and 0.15 ngmL−1 (Pb) | thioureasulfonamide resin | [250] |
| Water, hair, urine, and saliva. | — | Microcolumn | 144 | 0.2 μg/L | Immobilized Alizarin Red S on alumina | [2] |
| Tap water and converter | Pd (II) | — | 75 | 1.1 μg/L | Poly [N-(4-bromophenyl)-2-methacrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2- methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-divinylbenzene] | [252] |
| Food | Pb(II) and Cd(II) | — | 40 | 2.3 ng/mL (Pb2+) and 0.2 ng/mL (Cd2+) | Modified peanut shell as Microcolumn packing material. | [253] |
| Environmental | Pb (II) | — | 101 | 0.24 μg/L | 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) | [254] |
| Water | Ni and Cd | — | 66.7 | 0.25 ng/mL (Cd) 1 ng/mL (Ni) | TiO2 nanotubes | [255] |
|
