Calculation of Rail Internal Impedance by Using Finite Elements Methods and Complex Magnetic Permeability

Table 1

Error between measured data and FEM.

	FEM complex		FEM nonlinear
	permeability		solver
Current	Δ𝑅%	Δ𝐿%	Δ𝑅%	ΔL%
100	−18,2	+25,4	+3,1	−9,0
200	−15,7	+24,8	+12,9	−19,6
300	−11,6	+20,8	+17,0	−26,5
400	−7,8	+15,2	+19,2	−30,4
500	−5,5	+10,9	+20,3	−32,4
600	−2,5	+7,1	+21,0	−32,0
700	+1,4	+3,9	+21,5	−28,1
800	+5,6	+0,7	+22,3	−22,0
900	+9,5	−2,5	+23,1	−15,8
1000	+12,7	−6,7	+23,8	−11,0