Energy Management Strategy Implementation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Genetic Algorithm Tuned Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle Controller

<div>ECE_EUDC driving cycle: (a) speed required, (b) force and torque required.</div>

International Journal of Vehicular Technology

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Energy Management Strategy Implementation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Genetic Algorithm Tuned Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle Controller 

Figure 4 | Energy Management Strategy Implementation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Genetic Algorithm Tuned Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle Controller 