Review Article
The Modes of Evolutionary Emergence of Primal and Late Pandemic Influenza Virus Strains from Viral Reservoir in Animals: An Interdisciplinary Analysis
Table 1
Evolutionary and anthropological events that ultimately gave rise to the emergence and proliferation of influenza type A strains within humans.
| Event | Time (approximate) | Origin | Reference |
| Evolutionary emergence of first RNA viruses | 3.5 billion years ago | Primeval biosphere | [6] | Evolutionary emergence of first wild ducks | 65 million years ago | Archaic waterfowl | [7] | Evolutionary emergence of first influenza A virus | Unknown | Presumably wild duck intestine | [8] | Evolutionary emergence of first hominids | 3.6 million years ago | Africa | [9] | Domestication of wild boar | 8000 BC | China | [10] | Domestication of red junglefowl | 8000 BC | Vietnam | [11] | Introduction of domestic junglefowl (chicken) | 6000 BC | China | [11] | Domestication of wild duck (mallard) | 5000 BC | China | [12] | Rise of first pandemic influenza strains | 4000 BC | China (conceivably) | [13] | Domestication of wild horse | 3500 BC | Kazakhstan | [14] | Domestication of wild turkey | 1000 BC | Mexico | [15] | Domestication of wild quail | 1100 | China | [16] | Introduction of pigs into America | 1539 | Mexico Gulf coast | [17] |
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