Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Various Artificially Frozen Environmental Water Types

Table 1

Source and properties of different types of water seeded experimentally with the viruses.

Type of water	Source	Collection date	Temp (°C)	pH	Salinity (%)*
Salty	Mutsu Bay Hiranai, Aomori	December 17, 2008	14.9	7.93	0.9
Brackish	Lake Ogawara, Aomori	December 17, 2008	14.1	8.4	<0.2
Fresh	Lake Izunuma, Miyagi	December 20, 2008	19.8	7.1	<0.2

*Detection limit was 0.2%.