Cholesterol, C-Reactive Protein, and Periodontitis: HMG-CoA-Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) as Effect Modifiers

Table 1

Characteristics of the subjects and their distribution according to their serum LDL cholesterol state.

	LDL concentration range, mg/dL
Subjects with	<100	≥100–<160	≥160	𝑃
Number of subjects	545	1679	942	—
Age, years	47.9±13.3	51.7±13.4	54.5±12.1	<0.001
Dentist seen >1 year before*	9.4	10.4	11.8	0.309
Education <10th grade*	31.0	37.9	46.5	<0.001
Smoking, pack years	8.4±13.7	8.7±14.2	9.9±15.1	0.882
Alcohol, g/weekend	47±65	45±59	41±53	0.042
Statin medication*	11.6	7.1	3.9	<0.001
Metabolic characteristics
LDL, mmol/L	2.1±0.4	3.4±0.4	5.0±0.8	<0.001
HDL, mmol/L	1.6±0.6	1.4±0.4	1.4±0.4	<0.001
hsCRP, mg/L	2.9±5.1	2.8±4.7	3.0±6.8	0.003
Fibrinogen, g/L	2.9±0.6	3.0±0.7	3.2±0.7	<0.001
HbA1c, %	5.3 ± 0.9	5.4 ± 0.9	5.6 ± 0.9	<0.001
Periodontal characteristics
No. of teeth^†	19.9±7.2	19.0±7.7	17.6±8.0	<0.001
Attachment loss, mean mm	2.5±1.8	2.9±1.9	3.3±1.9	<0.001
Probing depth, mean mm	2.5±0.7	2.6±0.8	2.7±0.8	<0.001
Attachment loss, % ≥4 mm^‡	10 (40)	21 (52)	31 (60)	<0.001
Plaque, % of sites^‡	50 (54)	54 (51)	60 (54)	<0.001
BOP, % of sites^‡	29 (38)	35 (42)	38 (44)	<0.001

*Percent of subjects, ^†excluding the 3rd molars and zero figures, ^‡median (interquartile range).