The Epidemiology and Demographics of Hip Dysplasia

Table 4

Incidence of DDH in the ultrasound screening period era (1980s–present)*.

Study	Year	Location	Ethnicity	Time	No. Pts	No. DDH	Incid.	> Graf IIa	Incid. > Graf IIa
At birth—2 weeks
Eidelman et al. [157]	2002	Ethiopia	Black Jews	Birth	768	19	24.7	10	13.0
Poul et al. [208]	1998	London, England	Black	Birth	185	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chang et al. [73]	2007	Taiwan	Indo-Malay (Chinese)
Danielsson [64]	2000	Malmö, Sweden	Indo-Med. (Iraqi/Iranian)		1604	7	4.4
Danielsson [64]	2000	Malmö, Sweden	Caucasian	Birth	15189	115	7.6
Treiber et al. [209]	2008	Maribor, Slovenia	Caucasian	Birth	17393	324	18.6	369	21.2
Vencálková and Janata [136]	2009	Liberec, Czech Republic	Caucasian	Birth	16678			212	12.7
Rosendahl et al. [210]	1996	Bergen, Norway	Caucasian	Birth	3613	1613	446.4	123	34.0
Bache et al. [211]	2002	Coventry, England	Caucasian	Birth	29323	3866	131.8	2340	79.8
Szöke et al. [212]	1988	Cologne, Germany	Caucasian	Birth	1000	524	524.0	40	40.0
Tönnis et al. [213]	1990	Dortmund, Germany	Caucasian	Birth	2587	1877	725.6	137	53.0
Rühmann et al. [214]	1998	Hanover, Germany	Caucasian	Birth	6617	436	65.9	217	32.8
Parten- heimer et al. [215]	2006	Greifswald, Germany	Caucasian	4–10 days	2256			110	48.8
Exner [216]	1988	Zurich, Switzerland	Caucasian	Birth	615	521	847.2	28	45.5
Peled et al. [217]	2008	Haifa, Israel	Caucasian	Birth	45497			2137	47.0
Giannako- poulou et al. [124]	2002	Crete	Caucasian	2 wks	6140	65	10.6	50	8.1
Ballerini et al. [218]	1990	Milan, Italy	Caucasian	Birth	2842	778	273.8	57	20.1
Riboni et al. [219]	1991	Milan, Italy	Caucasian	Birth	1507	508	337.1	15	10.0
Franchin et al. [220]	1992	Bari, Italy	Caucasian	Birth	3000	959	319.7	309	103.0
Baronciani et al. [20]	1997	Lecco, Italy	Caucasian	Birth	4648	1186	255.2	267	57.4
Riboni et al. [221]	2003	Milan, Italy	Caucasian	Birth	8896	2008	225.7	34	3.8
Yiv et al. [143]	1997	South Australia	Caucasian		19622	206	10.5
Weighted average (Caucasians)					187423	14986	80.0	6445	42.2
At 4 to 6 weeks
Eidelman et al. [157]	2002	Ethiopia	Black Jews	6 wks	768	3	3.9	3	3.9
Doğruel et al. [60]	2008	Ankara, Turkey	Indo-Med (Turkish)	6 wks	3541	167	47.2	208	58.7
Bache et al. [211]	2002	Coventry, England	Caucasian	6 wks	29323	92	3.1
Roovers et al. [222]	2005	Enschede, Netherlands	Caucasian	4 wks	4473	1697	379.4	132	29.5
Weighted average (Caucasians)					33796	1789	52.9	132	29.5
At 4 to 6 Months
Krolo et al. [129]	1989–2001	Zagreb, Croatia	Caucasian	4 months	2010	120	59.7	15	7.5
Akman et al. [223]	2007	Ankara, Turkey		6 months	403			14	34.7

*The data for the last two columns those having > Graf IIa instability are for all hips, while the previous columns are for children.