Study of Histopathological Changes in Primary Atrophic Rhinitis

Table 1

Summary of the main histopathological features seen in the study.

S. no.	Histopathological features	No. of cases (%)
	(a) Status of epithelium
1	Partial squamous metaplasia	30 (33.33%)
2	Total squamous metaplasia	35 (38.88%)
3	Denuded epithelium	10 (11.11%)
4	Total squamous metaplasia with keratinization	15 (16.66%)
	(b) Tunica propria
1	Granulation tissue	38 (42.22%)
2	Chronic inflammatory cellular infiltrate	31 (34.44%)
3	Fibrosis	15 (16.66%)
4	Granulation tissue with fibrosis	03 (3.33%)
5	Chronic inflammatory cellular infiltration with fibrosis	03 (3.33%)
	Basement membrane
	Thickened	51 (56.66%)
6	Ill-defined	30 (33.33%)
	Normal	09 (10%)
	(c) Mucous glands
1	Absence of glands	33 (36.66%)
2	Reduction in size and number of glands	42 (46.66%)
3	Normal glands	15 (16.66%)
	(d) Blood Vessels
1	Reduced vascularity	42 (46.66%)
2	Endarteritis	12 (13.33%)
3	Periarteritis	06 (6.66%)
4	Dilated blood vessels	30 (33.33%)