Investigation of the Adhesion Promoter Distribution in Porous Ceramic Precursors

Table 1

Infiltration methods and specimens.

Specimen number	Method	Silane status	Drying	Drying position	Silanization solution
1	Partial immersion method (PI)	Activated	Yes	Normal	48.5 vol.% ethanol, 48.5 vol.% water, 3 vol.% silane*, pH 3
2	Infiltration with inactivated silane	Inactivated	Yes	Normal	97 vol.% ethanol, 3 vol.% silane*
3	Infiltration with inactivated silane	Inactivated	Yes	Normal	97 vol.% ethanol, 3 vol.% silane*
4	Infiltration with inactivated silane	Inactivated	Yes	Upside down	97 vol.% ethanol, 3 vol.% silane*
5	Infiltration with inactivated silane	Inactivated	Yes	Normal	97 vol.% ethanol, 3 vol.% silane*
6	Delayed activation method (DA)	Delayed activation	No	Normal	First infiltration: 97 vol.% ethanol, 3 vol.% silane*; Second infiltration: Water with a pH of 3
7	High flow infiltration (HFI)	Activated	Yes	Normal	48.5 vol.% ethanol, 48.5 vol.% water, 3 vol.% silane*, pH 3

*Evonik Industries AG, Germany.