Secondary Sexual Characteristics in the Galerucinae (Sensu Stricto) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Table 1

Distribution of modified structures found on head, thorax and abdomen of the chrysomelid beetles subfamily Galerucinae (sensu stricto).

Head	Antennae with one, double, and triple segments, more than three segments modified, or covered with unusually long hairs. Vertex depressed or excavated, with surface smooth or with structures. Frontal tubercles ase very large. Clypeus is strongly convex, excavated, with surface smooth, or with structures. Labrum are extremely large or deformed. Maxillary palpi with the 3rd segment swollen. Eyes are large.
Thorax
Pronotum	Disc bulged and excavated with structures. Posterior margin with process.
Elytra	Elytra humpback. A pair of tubercles at base or at apex. A pair of cavities behind scutellum, in middle, at sides, or at apex. Humeri with rows of erect hairs.
Legs	Front legs: Femora emarginate. Tibiae thickened, curved, emarginated, excised, or notched. Middle legs: Tibiae curved, excised, or notched. Hind legs: Trochanters with a process, a spine, or blade-like structure. Femora enlarged and excavated. Tibiae broadened, excavated, or curved; apex of tibiae with a process. All tarsal claws bifid (simple or appendiculate in female).
Metasternum	Metasternum with posterior median lobe or covered with long hairs.
Abdomen	First abdominal sternite with an appendage, a tubercle, or a pair of appendages, or a projected covering the following four sternites; first and second sternites each with a pair of appendages; second visible sternite with an appendage; third sternite with one or a pair of long appendages; fourth sternite emarginated, with a triangular process, a pair of spines, or long appendages.