Review Article
Bioremediation of Pharmaceuticals, Pesticides, and Petrochemicals with Gomeya/Cow Dung
Table 1
Effect of some synthetic active pharmaceutical ingredients on humans and fauna.
| Active pharmaceutical ingredient | Known pharmacology in target organisms | Potential harmful effects on nontarget organisms |
| Fluoxetine | Sexual dysfunction in human as a side effect | Alters estradiol levels in fish | NSAIDs like diclofenac | Renal toxicity in human | Renal impairment in fish and birds and visceral gout and death of vultures | Ethinyl estradiol | Feminization of males as a side effect | Affecting fertility and development of fish, reptiles, and aquatic invertebrates | Cytotoxics | Wanted effect–anticancer | Reproductive toxicants and cytotoxic to fish and other aquatic species | Enrofloxacin and other antibiotics | “Growth promoters” in agriculture and poultry | Emergence of multidrug resistant strains of pathogenic organisms to humans | Chlorpyrifos Atrazine | Pesticide | Increased susceptibility to Ambystoma tigrinum viral infection and increased larval mortality |
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