Research Article
The Role of Demand Factors in Utilization of Professional Care during Childbirth: Perspectives from Yemen
Table 1
Location of the previous childbirth (home/clinic or health unit/hospital) among women in the study population by selected factors (n: 220).
| | Home birth (%) | Clinic birth (%) | Hospital birth (%) | Totals (%) |
| | Social and demographic factors | | | | | | Women’s age | | | | | | <25 years | 42 (70) | 4 (7) | 14 (23) | 60 (100) | | 25–35 years | 76 (67) | 8 (7) | 30 (26) | 114 (100) | | >35 years | 33 (72) | 2 (4) | 11 (24) | 46 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Place of residence | | | | | | Urban | 66 (59) | 13 (12) | 33 (29) | 112 (100) | | Rural | 85 (79) | 1 (1) | 22 (20) | 108 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Number of dependents | | | | | | 2–5 | 22 (47) | 3 (6) | 22 (47) | 47 (100) | | 6–9 | 42 (66) | 7 (11) | 15 (23) | 64 (100) | | 10–13 | 54 (78) | 4 (6) | 11 (16) | 69 (100) | | >14 | 33 (83) | 0 (0) | 7 (17) | 40 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Dead children | | | | | | Yes | 102 (69) | 8 (5) | 38 (26) | 148 (100) | | No | 49 (68) | 6 (8) | 17 (24) | 72 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Antenatal care | | | | | | Yes | 93 (61) | 12 (8) | 47 (31) | 152 (100) | | No | 58 (85) | 2 (3) | 8 (12) | 68 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Distance by walking to location of childbirth | | | | | | None (home birth) | 153 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 153 (100) | | <half an hour | 0 (0) | 11 (58) | 8 (42) | 19 (100) | | half an hour–one hour | 0 (0) | 1 (14) | 6 (86) | 7 (100) | | one hour–two hours | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | | >two hours | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 39 (98) | 40 (100) | | P value | | | | |
| | Literacy and education | | | | | | Women’s literacy | | | | | | Yes | 33 (54) | 8 (13) | 20 (33) | 61 (100) | | No | 118 (74) | 6 (4) | 35 (22) | 159 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Women’s literacy and education | | | | | | Illiterate | 114 (74) | 5 (3) | 35 (23) | 154 (100) | | Reads Quran | 4 (66) | 1 (17) | 1 (17) | 6 (100) | | Primary school | 20 (51) | 7 (18) | 12 (31) | 39 (100) | | Intermediary school | 4 (67) | 0 (0) | 2 (33) | 6 (100) | | Secondary school | 7 (54) | 1 (8) | 5 (38) | 13 (100) | | Higher education | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Husbands’ literacy and education | | | | | | Illiterate | 67 (79) | 0 (0) | 18 (21) | 85 (100) | | Reads Quran | 6 (75) | 0 (0) | 2 (25) | 8 (100) | | Primary school | 20 (50) | 4 (10) | 16 (40) | 40 (100) | | Intermediary school | 17 (77) | 2 (9) | 3 (14) | 22 (100) | | Secondary school | 18 (60) | 6 (20) | 6 (20) | 30 (100) | | Higher education | 23 (66) | 2 (6) | 10 (28) | 35 (100) | | P value | | | | |
| | Occupation and income | | | | | | Women’s employment and wage salary during the last 3 months | | | | | | Yes | 7 (41) | 3 (18) | 7 (41) | 17 (100) | | No | 144 (71) | 11 (5) | 48 (24) | 203 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Occupational status of husband | | | | | | Farmer/laborer | 72 (73) | 3 (3) | 23 (24) | 98 (100) | | Government employee | 79 (65) | 11 (9) | 32 (26) | 122 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Other family income (land/cattle) | | | | | | Yes | 43 (88) | 0 (0) | 6 (12) | 49 (100) | | No | 108 (63) | 14 (8) | 49 (29) | 171 (100) | | P value | | | | |
| | Factors related to childbirth | | | | | | Own choice of birth attendance/location of childbirth | | | | | | Yes | 133 (73) | 11 (6) | 39 (21) | 183 (100) | | No | 18 (49) | 3 (8) | 16 (43) | 37 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Birth complications (self-rated) | | | | | | Yes | 25 (40) | 5 (8) | 32 (52) | 62 (100) | | No | 126 (80) | 9 (6) | 23 (14) | 158 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Women’s authority during childbirth | | | | | | Yes | 135 (85) | 10 (6) | 15 (9) | 160 (100) | | No | 16 (27) | 4 (7) | 40 (66) | 60 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Presence of birth support person(s) | | | | | | Yes | 128 (92) | 6 (4) | 5 (4) | 139 (100) | | No | 23 (28) | 8 (10) | 50 (62) | 81 (100) | | P value | | | | | | Mother-infant proximity following birth (n = 217, 3 stillborn children) | | | | | | Skin-to-skin | 17 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 17 (100) | | Wrapped/dressed in arms | 62 (86) | 2 (3) | 8 (11) | 72 (100) | | Separate bed/elsewhere near | 55 (68) | 8 (10) | 18 (22) | 81 (100) | | Other place in room but out of contact | 15 (38) | 2 (5) | 22 (57) | 39 (100) | | Separate room/place out of sight | 2 (25) | 1 (12) | 5 (63) | 8 (100) | | P value | | | | |
|
|
