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| Authors | Type of study | Subjects | Interventions | Findings |
|
| GISSI Prevenzione investigators [119, 120] | Multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label, parallel | 11,323 patients surviving recent (≤3 months) MI with followup of 3.5 years | Supplements of n-3 PUFA (1 g/d), vitamin E (300 mg/d), both, or none | Early protection of n-3 PUFA on all- cause mortality especially sudden cardiac death; over 3.5 years, supplementation with n-3 PUFA was associated with lower risk of death, nonfatal MI, and stroke. |
| Svensson et al. [121] | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled | 206 patients with CVD and treated with stable chronic hemodialysis with followup of 2 years | Supplements of n-3 PUFA (1.7 g/d), or control (olive oil) | Consumption of n-3 PUFA reduced the incidence of MI but had no effect on all- cause mortality or total cardiovascular event |
| Tavazzi [122] | Multicenter, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled | 6,975 patients aged ≥18 with chronic heart failure with followup for a median of 3.9 years | n-3 PUFA 1 g/d or placebo | Consumption of n-3 PUFA was associated with reduced all- cause mortality, hospital admissions for CVD |
| Yokoyama [123] | Randomized, controlled, open-label, blinded endpoint | 18,645 patients with a total cholesterol of ≥6.5 mmol/L with followup of 5 years | Daily consumption of 1800 mg of EPA with statin or statin only | Daily consumption of EPA with statin reduced unstable angina and nonfatal coronary events. |
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