Risk Stratification by Cardiac Biomarkers following Emergency Gastrointestinal Surgery

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics, according to survival.

Characteristics	90-day survival
	Alive	Dead
	(𝑛=39)	(𝑛=9)
Age (Mean (±SD))	68.8 (16.7)	71.2 (13.9)
Gender, Male (𝑛(%))	24 (61.5)	5 (55.6)
Comorbidities (𝑛(%))
Ischaemic heart disease	9 (23.7)	1 (11.1)
Congestive cardiac failure	3 (7.9)	0 (0)
Cerebrovascular disease	2 (5.3)	0 (0)
Type II diabetes mellitus	7 (18.4)	0 (0)
Renal impairment	7 (18.4)	2 (22.2)
Hypertension	13 (34.2)	5 (55.5)
Hyperlipidaemia	7 (18.4)	1 (11.1)
Smoker	7 (18.4)	0 (0)
Drug history (𝑛(%))
Aspirin	3 (7.9)	0 (0)
Statin	9 (23.7)	1 (11.1)
Beta blocker	4 (10.5)	3 (33.3)
ACEI	9 (23.7)	2 (22.2)
Diuretic	6 (15.8)	2 (22.2)
Calcium channel blocker	6 (15.8)	3 (33.3)
Risk scores (median (min–max))
ASA score	3 (1–5)	4 (3–4.5)
Lee cardiac risk score	2 (1–4)	2 (2–4)