Clinical Study

Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas in the Cavernous Sinus: Clinical Research and Treatment

Table 1

Summary of initial symptoms and diagnosis in 76 patients with dural CCF.

Initial symptomsNumber of casesInitial diagnosis

Orbital or forehead pain24Trigeminal neuralgia Migraine Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
Diplopia (cranial nerve palsies)47*Aneurysm Unknown cause Diabetes mellitus
 III25
 III, VI5
 VI14
 IV, VI1
 III, IV, VI1
Classical symptoms27Conjunctivitis Sclerosis
Triad2
 PE1
 PE + CC6
 PE + PT1
 CC11
 PT6

*Excluded 1 case with transient diplopia.
III: third cranial nerve palsy.
IV: fourth cranial nerve palsy.
VI: sixth cranial nerve palsy.
triad: PE, CC and PT.