Research Article
Age at Menarche, Menstrual Characteristics, and Risk of Preeclampsia
Table 1
Age at menarche and selected characteristics of the study population.
| | Characteristics | Entire cohort | Age of menarche (years) | | () | ≤11 () | 12 () | 13 () | 14 () | ≥15 () |
| | Maternal age, yearsa | | | | | | | | <20 | 20 (0.6) | 9 (1.8) | 1 (0.1) | 6 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | | 20–34 | 2229 (66.2) | 333 (68.4) | 587 (66.6) | 706 (67.4) | 329 (66.7) | 274 (60.1) | | 35+ | 1116 (33.2) | 145 (29.8) | 293 (33.3) | 336 (32.1) | 162 (32.9) | 180 (39.5) | | Maternal White race | 2909 (86.4) | 380 (78) | 752 (85.4) | 922 (88) | 447 (90.7) | 408 (89.5) | | Post-high-school education | 3237 (96.2) | 457 (93.8) | 843 (95.7) | 1016 (96.9) | 478 (97) | 443 (97.1) | | Nulliparous | 2138 (63.5) | 309 (63.4) | 559 (63.5) | 686 (65.5) | 301 (61.1) | 283 (62.1) | | Smoked during pregnancy | 200 (5.9) | 38 (7.8) | 52 (5.9) | 53 (5.1) | 28 (5.7) | 29 (6.4) | | Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m² a | | | | | | | | <18.5 | 147 (4.4) | 6 (1.2) | 30 (3.4) | 45 (4.3) | 32 (6.5) | 34 (7.5) | | 18.5–24.9 | 2434 (72.3) | 293 (60.2) | 607 (68.9) | 799 (76.2) | 379 (76.9) | 356 (78.1) | | 25–29.9 | 526 (15.6) | 109 (22.4) | 167 (19) | 137 (13.1) | 63 (12.8) | 50 (11) | | 30+ | 258 (7.7) | 79 (16.2) | 77 (8.7) | 67 (6.4) | 19 (3.9) | 16 (3.5) | | Maternal birth weight (kg)a | | | | | | | | <2.50 | 271 (8.1) | 44 (9) | 72 (8.2) | 70 (6.7) | 41 (8.3) | 44 (9.6) | | 2.50–3.9 | 2735 (81.3) | 403 (82.8) | 704 (79.9) | 861 (82.2) | 405 (82.2) | 362 (79.4) | | >4.0 | 359 (10.7) | 40 (8.2) | 105 (11.9) | 117 (11.2) | 47 (9.5) | 50 (11) | | Polycystic ovary syndrome | 95 (2.8) | 12 (2.5) | 32 (3.6) | 17 (1.6) | 18 (3.7) | 16 (3.5) | | FH of hypertension | 1652 (49.1) | 259 (53.2) | 459 (52.1) | 473 (45.1) | 240 (48.7) | 221(48.5) | | FH of diabetes | 488 (14.5) | 86 (17.7) | 126 (14.3) | 149 (14.2) | 63 (12.8) | 64 (14) | | Adult weight change, kga,b | | | | | | | | <−2.5 | 263 (7.9) | 34 (7.1) | 75 (8.6) | 81 (7.8) | 38 (7.8) | 35 (7.8) | | −2.5–2.5 | 773 (23.3) | 92 (19.3) | 197 (22.7) | 260 (25.2) | 126 (25.9) | 98 (21.9) | | 2.5–4.9 | 553 (16.7) | 73 (15.3) | 138 (15.9) | 165 (16.0) | 101(20.7) | 76 (17.0) | | 5.00–9.9 | 776 (23.4) | 91 (19.1) | 180 (20.7) | 263 (25.5) | 106 (21.8) | 136 (30.4) | | >10.0 | 948 (28.6) | 187 (39.2) | 278 (32.0) | 264 (25.6) | 116 (23.8) | 103 (23.0) | | Leisure time exercise during pregnancy | 2933 (87.2) | 434 (89.1) | 758 (86.0) | 920 (87.8) | 428 (86.8) | 393 (86.2) | | History of infertility problem | 470 (14.0) | 70 (14.4) | 124 (14.1) | 133 (12.7) | 64 (13.0) | 79 (17.3) | | BMI 18 yearsa | | | | | | | | <18.5 | 615 (18.6) | 53 (11.1) | 136 (15.7) | 174 (16.8) | 120 (24.6) | 132 (29.5) | | 18.5–24.9 | 2493 (75.2) | 367 (76.8) | 678 (78.2) | 804 (77.7) | 347 (71.3) | 297 (66.3) | | 25.0–29.9 | 157 (4.7) | 39 (8.2) | 41 (4.7) | 45 (4.3) | 16 (3.3) | 16 (3.6) | | >30.0 | 50 (1.5) | 19 (4.0) | 12 (1.4) | 12 (1.2) | 4 (0.8) | 3 (0.7) |
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aMean (SD) otherwise (%).
bWeight change from age 18 to pregnancy.
BMI: body mass index (kg/m²), FH: family history.
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