Age at Menarche, Menstrual Characteristics, and Risk of Preeclampsia

Table 3

Menstrual characteristics, age at menarche, body weight measurements, and the risk of preeclampsia.

Stratifying covariates and exposure of interest	Cases	Noncases	Stratified by BMI		Joint models
			Adj. OR	95% (CI)	Adj. OR	95% (CI)
Prepregnancy BMI and long cycle length^1
<25 kg/m^2, <36 days	35 (43.8)	2327 (71.6)	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
<25 kg/m^2, ≥36 days	7 (8.8)	187 (5.8)	2.56	1.12–5.88	2.50	1.09–5.72
≥25 kg/m^2, <36 days	36 (45.0)	653 (20.1)	1.00	Referent	3.78	2.35–6.08
≥25 kg/m^2, ≥36 days	2 (2.5)	81 (2.5)	0.44	0.10–1.84	1.67	0.40–7.09
Prepregnancy BMI and early age at menarche
<25 kg/m^2, >11 years	37 (46.3)	2223 (68.4)	1.00	Referent	Referent	Referent
<25 kg/m^2, ≤11 years	5 (6.3)	291 (9.0)	1.13	0.44–2.92	1.08	0.42–2.76
≥25 kg/m^2, >11 years	26 (32.5)	561 (17.3)	1.00	Referent	2.86	1.71–4.77
≥25 kg/m^2, ≤11 years	12 (15.0)	173 (5.3)	1.48	0.72–3.02	4.41	2.24–8.66
Maternal birth weight and long cycle length
≥2500 gr, <36 days	64 (80.0)	2755 (84.8)	1.00	Referent	Referent	Referent
≥2500 gr, ≥36 days	7 (8.8)	225 (6.9)	1.36	0.61–3.00	1.36	0.31–3.00
<2500 gr, <36 days	2 (2.5)	33 (1.0)	1.00	Referent	2.65	0.62–11.31
<2500 gr, ≥36 days	7 (8.8)	235 (7.2)	0.53	0.10–2.84	1.28	0.58–2.83
Maternal birth weight and early age at menarche
≥2500 gr, >11 years	57 (71.3)	2566 (79.0)	1.00	Referent	Referent	Referent
≥2500 gr, ≤11 years	3 (3.8)	40 (1.2)	3.57	1.06–11.96	3.57	1.07–11.93
<2500 gr, >11 years	6 (7.5)	218 (6.7)	1.00	Referent	1.26	0.54–2.95
<2500 gr, ≤11 years	14 (17.5)	424 (13.1)	1.20	0.45–3.18	1.54	0.85–2.80
Adult weight gain^2 and long usual cycle length
<5.0 kg, <36 days	14 (17.5)	1441 (44.4)	1.00	Referent	Referent	Referent
<5.0 kg, ≥36 days	3 (3.8)	122 (3.8)	2.71	0.76–9.72	2.47	0.70–8.73
≥5.0 kg, <36 days	57 (71.3)	1539 (47.4)	1.00	Referent	3.87	2.14–6.98
≥5.0 kg, ≥36 days	6 (7.5)	146 (4.5)	1.12	0.47–2.64	4.33	1.63–11.45
Adult weight gain and early age at menarche
<5.0 kg, >11 years	13 (16.3)	1369 (42.2)	1.00	Referent	Referent	Referent
<5.0 kg, ≤11 years	4 (5.0)	194 (6.0)	2.40	0.77–7.52	2.26	0.73–7.03
≥5.0 kg, >11 years	50 (62.5)	1415 (43.6)	1.00	Referent	3.79	2.05–7.03
≥5.0 kg, ≤11 years	13 (16.3)	270 (8.3)	1.36	0.47–2.64	5.28	2.41–11.56

All models are adjusted for age, race, family history of diabetes, and physical activity.
¹Interaction 𝑃 value 0.04.
²Adult weight gain: difference between weight at age 18 and prepregnancy weight.