Stochastic Modeling of Particle Deposition in Lungs of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Table 2

Results of deposition modeling in healthy subjects and CF patients. Besides constant and random obstruction of the airways, lung disease has been additionally simulated by a continuous enlargement of the alveoli (AD: alveolar diameter), and the creation of asymmetric breathing cycles (IT: inhalation time, ET: exhalation time). *Random scaling assuming a maximum decrease of the airway calibers of 60% (note: results are shown for one stochastically generated lung).

Infant (1 year)
	Healthy	Constant scaling		Random scaling
		40%	60%	0–20%	0–40%	0–60%
Extrathoracic	0.91%	0.92%	0.85%	1.12%	1.14%	1.05%
Bronchial	10.20%	17.00%	19.70%	12.70%	15.20%	17.70%
Alveolar	0.42%	0.31%	0.26%	0.40%	0.32%	0.29%
Total	11.53%	18.23%	20.81%	14.22%	16.66%	19.04%
	Rand. scal.* & emphysema			Rand. scal.* & asym. b.c.
	AD = 500 μm	AD = 750 μm	AD = 1 mm	ET = 1.5 IT	ET = 2.0 IT
Extrathoracic	1.34%	1.23%	1.32%	0.91%	0.93%
Bronchial	11.61%	10.53%	9.23%	12.10%	11.40%
Alveolar	0.35%	0.27%	0.13%	0.53%	0.45%
Total	13.30%	12.03%	10.68%	13.54%	12.78%
Child (5 years)
	Healthy	Constant scaling		Random scaling
		40%	60%	0–20%	0–40%	0–60%
Extrathoracic	1.49%	1.45%	1.34%	1.48%	1.52%	1.42%
Bronchial	17.90%	31.80%	38.10%	19.10%	28.70%	34.60%
Alveolar	2.71%	3.06%	2.52%	2.85%	3.06%	2.90%
Total	22.10%	36.31%	41.96%	23.43%	33.28%	38.92%
	Rand. scal.* & emphysema			Rand. scal.* & asym. b.c.
	AD = 500 μm	AD = 750 μm	AD = 1 mm	ET = 1.5 IT	ET = 2.0 IT
Extrathoracic	1.49%	1.56%	1.67%	1.32%	1.30%
Bronchial	19.00%	17.80%	16.51%	24.00%	22.30%
Alveolar	2.40%	1.30%	0.69%	3.60%	3.30%
Total	22.99%	20.66%	18.87%	28.92%	27.90%
Adult
	Healthy	Constant scaling		Random scaling
		40%	60%	0–20%	0–40%	0–60%
Extrathoracic	3.20%	3.18%	3.15%	3.20%	3.18%	3.18%
Bronchial	26.10%	33.80%	43.30%	27.40%	31.90%	41.20%
Alveolar	11.00%	13.90%	14.40%	11.60%	12.40%	13.50%
Total	40.30%	50.88%	60.85%	42.20%	47.48%	57.88%
	Rand. scal.* & emphysema			Rand. scal.* & asym. b.c.
	AD = 500 μm	AD = 750 μm	AD = 1 mm	ET = 1.5 IT	ET = 2.0 IT
Extrathoracic	3.21%	3.20%	3.23%	3.18%	3.20%
Bronchial	32.10%	31.50%	30.90%	36.50%	35.80%
Alveolar	7.50%	6.30%	4.90%	12.50%	12.10%
Total	42.81%	41.00%	39.03%	52.18%	51.10%