Review Article

The Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions with Cancer Patients: An Integrative Review of the Literature (2006–2011)

Table 2

Study quality.

Quality measureAuthorType of study

A hypothesis is provided (1 point)Andersen et al. [31], Andersen et al. [23], Antoni et al. [7], Antoni et al. [32], Aranda et al. [5], Girgis et al. [33], Kravitz et al. [34], Manne et al. [35], Miller et al. [25], Pitceathy et al. [26], Spiegel et al. [36], Walker et al. [37].4 Cognitive behavioral
1 Supportive
3 Group
4 Telephone

A hypothesis is not providedAndersen et al. [38], Boesen et al. [39], Fukui et al. [40], Kissane et al. [19], Powell et al. [41] Rose et al. [6], Rose et al. [42].3 Supportive
2 Group
2 Telephone

Eligibility criteria are clear (1 point)Andersen et al. [31], Andersen et al. [38], Andersen et al. [23], Antoni et al. [7], Antoni et al. [32], Boesen et al. [39], Fukui et al. [40], Girgis et al. [33], Kissane et al. [19], Kravitz et al. [34], Manne et al. [35], Rose et al. [6], Rose et al. [42], Spiegel et al. [36], Walker et al. [37].2 Cognitive behavioral
3 Supportive
5 Group
5 Telephone

Eligibility criteria are not clearAranda et al. [5], Miller et al. [25], Pitceathy et al. [26], Powell et al. [41].2 Cognitive behavioral
1 Supportive
1 Telephone

The intervention is described with sufficient detail it could be replicated (1 point)Andersen et al. [31], Andersen et al. [38], Andersen et al. [23], Antoni et al. [7], Antoni et al. [32], Aranda et al. [5], Kissane et al. [19], Kravitz et al. [34], Pitceathy et al. [26], Rose et al. [6], Walker et al. [37].3 Cognitive behavioral
4 Group
4 Telephone

The intervention is not described with sufficient detail to allow for replicationBoesen et al. [39], Fukui et al. [40], Girgis et al. [33], Manne et al. [35], Miller et al. [25], Powell et al. [41], Rose et al. [42], Spiegel et al. [36].1 Cognitive behavioral
4 Supportive
1 Group
2 Telephone

Treatment fidelity is discussed (1 point)Andersen et al. [38], Antoni et al. [32], Fukui et al. [40], Kissane et al. [19], Kravitz et al. [34], Pitceathy, et al. [26], Spiegel et al. [36], Walker et al. [37].2 Cognitive behavioral
1 Supportive
3 Group
2 Telephone

Treatment fidelity is not addressedAndersen et al. [31], Andersen et al. [23], Antoni et al. [7], Aranda et al. [5], Boesen et al. [39], Girgis et al. [33], Manne et al. [35], Miller et al. [25], Powell et al. [41], Rose et al. [6], Rose et al. [42].2 Cognitive behavioral
3 Supportive
2 Group
4 Telephone

A power analysis was provided to establish the sample size (1 point)Andersen et al. [23], Girgis et al. [33], Manne et al. [35], Miller et al. [25], Pitceathy et al. [26], Powell et al. [41], Spiegel et al. [36], Walker et al. [37].2 Cognitive behavioral
2 Supportive
2 Group
2 Telephone

No power analysis was includedAndersen et al. [31], Andersen et al. [38], Antoni et al. [7], Antoni et al. [32], Aranda et al. [5], Boesen et al. [39], Fukui et al. [40], Kissane et al. [19], Kravitz et al. [34], Rose et al. [6], Rose et al. [42].2 Cognitive behavioral
2 Supportive
3 Group
4 Telephone

The method used for randomization and who randomized are described (1 point)Andersen et al. [23], Aranda et al. [5], Girgis et al. [33], Kissane et al. [19], Kravitz et al. [34], Miller et al. [25], Manne et al. [35], Pitceathy et al. [26], Walker et al. [37].2 Cognitive behavioral
1 Supportive
2 Group
4 Telephone

It is not clear how randomization was done (method and responsible individual)Andersen et al. [31], Andersen et al. [38], Antoni et al. [7], Antoni et al. [32], Boesen et al. [39], Fukui et al. [40], Powell et al. [41], Rose et al. [6], Rose et al. [42], Spiegel et al. [36].2 Cognitive behavioral
3 Supportive
3 Group
2 Telephone

Blinding was discussed (1 point)Andersen et al. [31], Fukui et al. [40], Kravitz et al. [34], Pitceathy et al. [26], Walker et al. [37].1 Cognitive behavioral
1 Supportive
1 Group
2 Telephone

Blinding was not discussedAndersen et al. [38], Andersen et al. [23], Antoni et al. [7], Antoni et al. [32], Aranda et al. [5], Boesen et al. [39], Girgis et al. [33], Kissane et al. [19], Manne et al. [35], Miller et al. [25], Powell et al. [41], Rose et al. [6], Rose et al. [42], Spiegel et al. [36].3 Cognitive behavioral
3 Supportive
4 Group
4 Telephone

Reasons for dropouts are given (1 point)Antoni et al. [32], Boesen et al. [39], Fukui et al. [40], Girgis et al. [33], Kissane et al. [19], Miller et al. [25], Pitceathy et al. [26], Powell et al. [41], Spiegel et al. [36].3 Cognitive behavioral
3 Supportive
2 Group
1 Telephone

No reasons for dropouts are providedAndersen et al. [31], Andersen et al. [38], Andersen et al. [23], Antoni et al. [7], Aranda et al. [5], Kravitz et al. [34], Manne et al. [35], Rose et al. [6], Rose et al. [42], Walker et al. [37].1 Cognitive behavioral
3 Group
1 Supportive
5 Telephone

An intent-to-treat analysis was completed (1 point)Andersen et al. [31], Andersen et al. [23], Antoni et al. [7], Kissane et al. [19], Pitceathy et al. [26], Powell et al. [41], Spiegel et al. [36], Walker et al. [37].2 Cognitive behavioral
1 Supportive
4 Group
1 Telephone

An intent-to-treat analysis is not mentionedAndersen et al. [38], Antoni et al. [32], Aranda et al. [5], Boesen et al. [39], Fukui et al. [40], Girgis et al. [33], Kravitz et al. [34], Manne et al. [35], Miller et al. [25], Rose et al. [6], Rose et al. [42].2 Cognitive behavioral
3 Supportive
1 Group
5 Telephone

Recruitment dates are specified (1 point)Andersen et al. [23], Boesen et al. [39], Fukui et al. [40], Kissane et al. [19], Manne et al. [35], Miller et al. [25], Pitceathy et al. [26], Powell et al. [41], Spiegel et al. [36], Walker et al. [37].2 Cognitive behavioral
4 Supportive
3 Group
1 Telephone

Recruitment dates are not specifiedAndersen et al. [31], Andersen et al. [38], Antoni et al. [7], Antoni et al. [32], Aranda et al. [5], Girgis et al. [33], Kravitz et al. [34], Rose et al. [6], Rose et al. [42].2 Cognitive behavioral
2 Group
5 Telephone

Study limitations are described (1 point)Andersen et al. [31], Andersen et al. [38], Antoni et al. [7], Antoni et al. [32], Aranda et al. [5], Boesen et al. [39], Fukui et al. [40], Kissane et al. [19], Girgis et al. [33], Kravitz et al. [34], Manne et al. [35], Miller et al. [25], Pitceathy et al. [26], Powell et al. [41], Rose et al. [6], Rose et al. [42], Spiegel et al. [36], Walker et al. [37].4 Cognitive behavioral
4 Supportive
4 Group
6 Telephone

Study limitations are not described in detailAndersen et al. [23].1 Group

Significant results were reportedAndersen et al. [31], Andersen et al. [38], Andersen et al. [23], Antoni et al. [7], Antoni et al. [32], Aranda et al. [5], Fukui et al. [40], Girgis et al. [33], Kissane et al. [19], Kravitz et al. [34], Manne et al. [35], Miller et al. [25], Pitceathy et al. [26], Powell, et al. [41].4 Cognitive behavioral
3 Supportive
4 Group
3 Telephone

Significant results were not reported.
Note: data collection continues for
Walker [37] and Rose [6].
Boesen et al. [39], Rose et al. [42], Spiegel et al. [36].1 Supportive
1 Group
1 Telephone

Funding sources are listed (1 point)Andersen et al. [31], Andersen et al. [38], Andersen et al. [23], Antoni et al. [7], Antoni et al. [32], Aranda et al. [5], Boesen et al. [39], Fukui et al. [40], Kissane et al. [19], Girgis et al. [33], Kravitz et al. [34], Manne et al. [35], Pitceathy et al. [26], Rose et al. [6], Rose et al. [42], Spiegel et al. [36], Walker et al. [37].3 Cognitive behavioral
3 Supportive
5 Group
6 Telephone

A trial registry is mentioned (1 point)Girgis et al. [33], Kravitz et al. [34]2 Telephone

Nurse-delivered treatment. Seven studies included nurses in providing the intervention. (i) Coled by a nurse, physical therapist, chaplain, or social worker (Miller-CB, [25])
(ii) One nurse, one social worker (Pitceathly-CB, [26])
(iii) 3 nurses provided the intervention (Fukui-S, [40])
(iv) Breast cancer nurses (Aranda-T, [5])
(v) Masters prepared psychiatric nurses (Rose-T, [6] and S/T, [42])
(vi) Cancer nurses (Walker-T, [37])

Length of study. The length of interventions varied from a single visit to one year.Miller et al. (CB, [25]), 8 sessions/27 weeks
Pitceathly et al. (CB, [26]), 3 sessions/6 weeks
Antoni et al. (CB, [7, 32]), 2 hour sessions/10 weeks
Boesen et al. (S, [39]), 6, 2 hour sessions/6 weeks
Fukui et al. (S, [40]), interviews at baseline, 1 month, 3 months
Manne et al. (S, [35]), 6 sessions unclear timeframe
Powell et al. (S, [41]), single visit
Andersen et al. (G, [23, 31, 38]), 4 months weekly followed by 8 monthly for 12 months total
Kissane et al. (G, [19]), 1 year
Spiegel et al. (G, [36]), 1 year
Kravitz et al. (T, [34]), 1 session/telephone contact at 2, 6, and 12 weeks.
Aranda et al. (T, [5]), 1 session/1 telephone followup
Rose et al. (T, [6]), 1 session/6 weeks of telephone contact
Rose et al. (S/T, [42]), 2 months
Walker et al. (T, [37]), 8 sessions in 16 weeks and monthly telephone
Girgis et al. (T, [33]), telephone contact every 6 weeks for 6 months