International Scholarly Research Notices

Research Article

True Stress-True Strain Models for Structural Steel Elements

Table 2

True stress-true strain model parameters for A992 and 350W steel grades.
Region-IRegion-II Region-IIIRegion-IVRegion-V
Steel grade-elementLinear elastic rangeNonlinear elastic rangeYield plateau rangeStrain hardening rangePostultimate strength range
𝜀 𝑒 < 𝜀 p l 𝜀 p l < 𝜀 𝑒 < 𝜀 𝑦 𝜀 𝑦 < 𝜀 𝑒 < 𝜀 s h 𝜀 s h < 𝜀 𝑒 < 𝜀 𝑢 𝜀 𝑢 < 𝜀 𝑒 < 𝜀 𝑓
𝐹 𝑒 = 𝐸 𝜀 𝑒
𝐹 𝑡 = 𝐹 𝑒 ( 1 + 𝜀 𝑒 )
𝜀 𝑡 = l n ( 1 + 𝜀 𝑒 ) 		𝐹 𝑒 = ( 𝐸 − 𝐸 𝑡 ) 𝜀 p l  
+ 𝐸 𝑡 𝜀 𝑒  
𝐹 𝑡 = 𝐹 𝑒 ( 1 + 𝜀 𝑒 )
𝜀 𝑡 = l n ( 1 + 𝜀 𝑒 ) 		𝐹 𝑡 = 𝐹 𝑦 ( 1 + 𝜀 𝑒 )
𝜀 𝑡 = l n ( 1 + 𝜀 𝑒 ) 		𝐹 𝑡 = 𝐹 u t ⋅ ( 𝜀 𝑡 / 𝜀 u t ) 𝑛 𝐹 𝑡 = 𝐹 u t [ 𝑤 ⋅ ( 𝜀 𝑡 / 𝜀 u t ) 𝑛 + ( 1 − 𝑤 ) ⋅ ( 1 + 𝜀 𝑡 − 𝜀 u t ) ]
A992-flange 𝐸 = 2 0 3  GPa
𝐹 p l = 4 1 0  MPa
𝜀 p l = 0 . 0 0 2 1 		𝐸 𝑡 = 1 6 . 5  GPa
𝐹 𝑦 = 4 4 4  MPa
𝜀 𝑦 = 0 . 0 0 4 2 		𝑚 = 1 . 0
𝜀 𝑦 = 0 . 0 0 4 2
𝜀 s t = 0 . 0 0 4 2 		𝐹 𝑡 = 8 6 0 . 4 ( 𝜀 𝑡 ) 0 . 1 4 1 1  
𝐹 u t = 6 5 3  MPa
𝜀 u t = 0 . 1 4 1 1 		𝑤 = 0 . 6  
𝑛 = 0 . 1 4 1 1
A992-web 𝐸 = 2 0 2  GPa
𝐹 p l = 4 0 9  MPa
𝜀 p l = 0 . 0 0 2 0 		𝐸 𝑡 = 0 0 . 0  GPa
𝐹 𝑦 = 4 0 9  MPa
𝜀 𝑦 = 0 . 0 0 2 0 		𝑚 = 7 . 4
𝜀 𝑦 = 0 . 0 0 2 0
𝜀 s t = 0 . 0 1 4 8 		𝐹 𝑡 = 9 4 2 . 8 ( 𝜀 𝑡 ) 0 . 1 6 1 1  
𝐹 u t = 7 0 3  MPa
𝜀 u t = 0 . 1 6 1 1 		𝑤 = 0 . 5
𝑛 = 0 . 1 6 1 1
350W-flange 𝐸 = 2 1 3  GPa
𝐹 p l = 3 9 8  MPa
𝜀 p l = 0 . 0 0 2 0 		𝐸 𝑡 = 1 4 . 6 GPa
𝐹 𝑦 = 4 2 7  MPa
𝜀 𝑦 = 0 . 0 0 4 0 		𝑚 = 1 . 0
𝜀 𝑦 = 0 . 0 0 4 0
𝜀 s t = 0 . 0 0 4 0 		𝐹 𝑡 = 9 0 5 . 6 ( 𝜀 𝑡 ) 0 . 1 5 1 1  
𝐹 u t = 6 8 1  MPa
𝜀 u t = 0 . 1 5 1 1 		𝑤 = 0 . 6
𝑛 = 0 . 1 5 1 1
350W-web 𝐸 = 2 0 1  GPa
𝐹 p l = 4 1 6  MPa
𝜀 p l = 0 . 0 0 2 1 		𝐸 𝑡 = 0 0 . 0  GPa
𝐹 𝑦 = 4 1 6  MPa
𝜀 𝑦 = 0 . 0 0 2 1 		𝑚 = 7 . 3
𝜀 𝑦 = 0 . 0 0 2 1
𝜀 s t = 0 . 0 1 5 3 		𝐹 𝑡 = 9 4 3 . 2 ( 𝜀 𝑡 ) 0 . 1 6 2 8  
𝐹 u t = 7 0 2  MPa
𝜀 u t = 0 . 1 6 2 8 		𝑤 = 0 . 5
𝑛 = 0 . 1 6 2 8