S. A. M. Mohsenalhosseini,1H. Mazaheri,2M. A. Dehghan,1and A. Zareh2
Academic Editor: C. Lu, X. Wang
Received20 Mar 2011
Accepted01 May 2011
Published06 Jul 2011
Abstract
We consider the partial metric on a set , define -fixed point for maps, and obtain some sufficient and necessary conditions on that, also
we obtain some sufficient and necessary theorems on -fixed point.
1. Introduction
The partial metric spaces were introduced in [1] as a part of the study of denotational semantics of dataflow networks. In particular, he established the precise rela- tionship between partial metric spaces and the so-called weightable quasimetric spaces and proved a partial metric generalization of Banach contraction mapping theorem.
A partial metric [1] on a set is a function such that, for all (1);
(2);
(3);
(4).
A partial metric space is a pair , where is a partial metric on . Each partial metric on induces a topology on which has as a base the family of open balls , where for all and .
If is a partial metric on , then the function given by is a metric on .
A sequence in a partial metric space is called a Cauchy sequence if there exists (and is finite) [1, Definition 5.2].
Note that is a Cauchy sequence in if and only if it is a Cauchy sequence in the metric space [1, page 194].
A partial metric space is said to be complete if every Cauchy sequence in converges, with respect to , to a point such that [1, Definition 5.3].
It is well known and easy to see that a partial metric space is complete if and only if the metric space is complete.
In [2], S. J. OβNeill proposed one significant change to Matthews definition of the partial metrics, and that was to extend their range from to . In the following, partial metrics in the OβNeill sense will be called dualistic partial metrics and a pair such that is a nonempty set and is a dualistic partial metric on will be called a dualistic partial metric space.
2. -Fixed Point
Our basic references for quasi-metric spaces are [3, 4]. In our context, by a quasi-metric on a set we mean a nonnegative real-valued function d on such that, for all :(i), (ii).
A quasi-metric space is a pair such that is a (nonempty) set and d is a quasi-metric on .
Each quasi-metric on generates a -topology on which has as a base the family of open -balls , where for all and .
If is a quasi-metric on , then the function defined on by is a metric on .
Lemma 2.1. If is a dualistic partial metric space, then the function defined by , is a quasi-metric on such that .
Definition 2.2. Let be a dualistic partial metric space and let be a map. Then is -fixed point for if
Theorem 2.3. Let be a dualistic partial metric space and let be a map, , and . If as for some , then has an -fixed point.
Proof. Since as , ,
Then . Therefore is an -fixed point of .
Theorem 2.4. Let be a dualistic partial metric space and let be a map also for all ,
then has an fixed point in partial metric. Moreover, if are -fixed points of , then .
Proof. Suppose , then
Therefore as . From Theorem 2.3, has an -fixed point and Since
Then .
Theorem 2.5. Let be a mapping of a dualistic partial metric space into itself such that
for all . Then has an -fixed point, for all .
Proof. Fix , then it is clear that, for each ,
also
We deduce that
Hence
Therefore, for ,
Similarly, we obtain that
Then
Therefore, has an -fixed point.
Example 2.6. Let , and let p be the dualistic metric on given by
for all .
Let be the mapping from into itself defined by , for all . It is immediate to see that
for all . However, has no fixed point, of course. But by the Theorem 2.5, for every , has an -fixed point. That is, there exists such that
since
Theorem 2.7. Let be a mapping of a dualistic partial metric space into itself such that where . If is an -fixed point for , then is an -fixed point for .
Proof. We have
therefore
Since ,
Since is an -fixed point for , then . So is an -fixed point for .
Theorem 2.8. Let be a dualistic partial metric, and let be a mapping and . If and . then has -fixed point. Moreover, if are -fixed points of , then .
Proof. We have
Therefore
also
so
and for every , we have
Thus, since , ββ as . Now, by Theorem 2.3, has an -fixed point and since
Then .
Corollary 2.9. Let be a dualistic partial metric, and let be a mapping and . If and , then has an -fixed point.
References
S. G. Matthews, βPartial metric topology,β in Proceedings of the 11th Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications, vol. 728, pp. 183β197, The New York Academy of Sciences, Gorham, Me, USA, Augusts 1995.
S. J. O'Neill, βPartial metrics, valuations and domain theory,β in Proceedings of the 11th Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications, vol. 806, pp. 304β315, The New York Academy of Sciences, Gorham, Me, USA, Augusts 1995.
P. Fletcher and W. F. Lindgren, Quasi-Uniform Spaces, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA, 1982.
H. P. A. Kunzi, βNonsymmetric distances and their associated topologies: about the origins of basic ideas in the area of asymmetric topology,β in Handbook of the History of General Topology, vol. 3, pp. 853β968, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2001.