Serine 129 Phosphorylation of α-Synuclein Cross-Links with Tissue Transglutaminase to Form Lewy Body-Like Inclusion Bodies
Figure 2
Downregulation of the colocalization of the mutant α-synuclein (S129A) and tTG. Immunofluorescence of P129 α-synuclein (red) and tTG (green) in three cell lines (×400). Cells were transfected with empty vectors (a–c), or vectors encoding the wild-type (d–f) or mutant (g–i) α-synuclein; cells were double-labeled with antibodies against P129 α-synuclein ((a), (d), (g), Cy3-conjugated) and tTG ((b), (e), (h), FITC-conjugated) to detect the colocalization of α-synuclein and tTG. (c, f, i) are merged images (yellow indicates colocation) of cell bodies; Cells were incubated in the presence of 20 μM retinoic acid (RA) for 7 days, then treated by 20 nM okadaic acid for 24 h. The mutant S129A demonstrated the downregulated colocalization compared with the wild-type and the control cells.
