Ultrasonographic Imaging for Structural Characterization of Renal Affections and Diagnosis of Associated Chronic Renal Failure in 10 Dogs

Table 4

Urine sediment examination results in different affections of kidney.

Element	Renal affections
	“End-stage” kidneys	Hydronephrosis	Renomegaly	Nephritis	Nephrolithiasis	Nephrocalcinosis	Renal cyst
Epithelial cells	1-2 per hpf	Very few, transitional	0–2 per hpf	3–5 per hpf	2–5 per hpf	1-2 per hpf	0–2 per hpf
Crystals	Oxalates and triple phosphate crystals	Few, triple phosphate	Negative	Negative	Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals	Few, calcium phosphate	Bilirubin crystals
RBC	2–4 per hpf	Too numerous to count	None	None	6–8 per hpf	None	None
WBC	4–6 per hpf	15–30 per hpf	2-3 per hpf	3–5 per hpf	4–6 per hpf	Negative	Negative
Debris	None	Large amount	None	None	Very few	None	None
Casts	Few hyaline casts	Occasional epithelioids with white and red cell casts	Epithelial cell casts	Hyaline (very rare)	Few, Granular casts	None	None