Towards Modal Integration of Overhead and Underground Low-Voltage and Medium-Voltage Power Line Communication Channels in the Smart Grid Landscape: Model Expansion, Broadband Signal Transmission Characteristics, and Statistical Performance Metrics (Invited Paper)

Figure 3

(a)End-to-end BPL connection with N branches. (b) Network module. (c) An indicative BPL topology considered as a cascade of 𝑁+1 modules corresponding to N branches [8–11, 19–21].