Table 1
The pathology of renal dysfunction in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
| | | Pathology |
| | HRS | HRS is classified into two types: type 1 is characterized by a doubling of the serum creatinine level to more than 2.5 mg/dL in less than 2 weeks; type 2 is characterized by a stable or less rapidly progressive course than in type 1. |
| | Hypovolemia-induced renal failure | Renal flow losses because of excessive diuretic therapy or gastrointestinal losses as a result of diarrhea from excessive lactulose administration or gastrointestinal infection. Renal failure occurs soon after the onset of hypovolemia. |
| | Parenchymal renal disease | Acute or chronic parenchymal renal disease should be suspected as a cause of renal failure when proteinuria, hematuria, or both are present and ideally should be confirmed by renal biopsy |
| | Drug-induced renal failure | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics suggest drug-induced renal failure. |
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