The Association between Metabolic Syndrome-Related Indicators and Ten-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: An Epidemiologic Assessment

Table 2

Demographic characteristics of study participants, metabolic syndrome-related indicators, and predicted 10-year risk for CVD (𝑛=831).

Variable	10-year risk for CVD
	≦10%	11–20%	>20%	𝑃^∗ value
Sex				<.001
Male	72 (21.1)	161 (47.2)	108 (31.7)
Female	424 (86.5)	56 (11.4)	10 (2.0)
Age				<.001
<65	285 (82.1)	49 (14.1)	13 (3.7)
≧65	211 (43.6)	168 (34.7)	105 (21.7)
Smoking				<.001
No^a	469 (64.7)	167 (23.0)	89 (12.3)
Yes	27 (25.5)	50 (47.2)	29 (27.4)
Alcohol consumption				<.001
No^b	454 (63.1)	170 (23.6)	96 (13.3)
Yes	42 (37.8)	47 (42.3)	22 (19.8)
Betel-nut chewing				<.001
No^c	482 (61.3)	194 (24.7)	110 (14.0)
Yes	14 (31.1)	23 (51.1)	8 (17.8)
Regular exercise				.183
No	245 (59.0)	118 (28.4)	52 (12.5)
Yes^d	251 (60.3)	99 (23.8)	66 (15.9)
Waist circumference (cm)				.652
Normal	295 (58.5)	137 (27.2)	72 (14.3)
Abdominal obesity^e	201 (61.5)	80 (24.5)	46 (14.1)
Blood pressure (mmHg)				<.001
Normal	204 (76.1)	57 (21.3)	7 (2.6)
Hypertension^f	292 (51.9)	160 (28.4)	111 (19.7)
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)				.023
Normal	396 (62.3)	156 (24.5)	84 (13.2)
Hyperglycemia^g	100 (51.3)	61 (31.3)	34 (17.4)
HDL-C(mg/dL)				.026
Normal	298 (58.9)	146 (28.9)	62 (12.3)
Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol^h	198 (60.9)	71 (21.8)	56 (17.2)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)				.009
Normal	381 (62.9)	145 (23.9)	80 (13.2)
Hypertriglyceridemia^i	115 (51.1)	72 (32.0)	38 (16.9)
Metabolic syndrome				.003
Not present	354 (63.0)	143 (25.4)	65 (11.6)
Present^j	142 (52.8)	74 (27.5)	53 (19.7)

^aNever smoked or has quit.
^bNever drinks or has quit.
^cNever chews betel nut, or has quit.
^d≥ at least 3 times/week for at least 30 mins/session.
^eMale: ≧90 cm; female: ≧80 cm.
^f≧130/85 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication.
^g≧110 mg/dL or taking medication to lower blood glucose.
^hMale: <40 mg/dL; female <50 mg/dL.
ⁱ≧150 mg/dL.
^jMetabolic syndrome definition of NCEP ATP III with modification for Asian populations.*The Chi-square (two-tailed) test was used to compare the variables, with a significance level of 𝛼=.05.