Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy Measured by Heart Rate Variability and Markers of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Early Type 2 Diabetes

Table 2

Heart rate variability and autonomic function indices.

𝑛	Diabetic (𝑁=57)	Control (𝑁=54)
Heart rate (bpm)	73.36 (8.30)	68.94 (9.77)^†
SDNN (ms)	30.10 (15.43)	40.28 (17.06)^†
RMSSD (ms)	21.83 (21.20)	31.70 (21.78)*
LFnorm (ms^2)	55.74 (19.36)	61.98 (20.26)^‡
HFnorm (ms^2)	34.01 (20.26)	48.25 (19.36)*
LF : HF ratio	2.19 (2.43)	1.93 (1.77)^‡
Total power (ms^2)	1718.34 (337.58)	1156.31 (279.38)^†
Timed deep breathing	14.6 (8.05)	19.3 (7.26)*
Valsalva ratio	1.24 (0.30)	1.58 (0.28)*
Standing ratio	1.24 (0.20)	1.46 (0.13)^‡

Data are 𝑛, means ± SD.
SDNN: standard deviation of the NN intervals; RMSSD: the square root of the mean squared difference of successive NNs.
^‡𝑃<0.1, ^∗𝑃<0.05, and ^†𝑃<0.01.