Towards Universal Screening for Colon Cancer: A Cheap, Reliable, Noninvasive Test Using Gene Expression Analysis of Rectal Swabs

Table 1

Relative gene expression levels in colon polyps of APC^min mice (mean ± SE).

No.	Gene	Wildtype littermate	Individual polyp	𝑃 value
1	OPN	1.62±0.60	430.38±125.24	<0.01
2	MIP-2	1.74±1.60	202.74±43.40	<0.001
3	Gro-α	1.40±0.32	122.48±18.97	<0.001
4	CXCR2	1.41±0.35	104.51±23.31	<0.001
5	COX-2	1.41±0.25	81.64±16.36	<0.001
6	Cyclin D1	1.34±0.34	19.48±2.67	<0.001
7	SDF-1	1.23±0.34	11.02±2.45	<0.01
8	c-myc	1.09±0.18	6.49±0.96	<0.001
9	M-CSF1	1.05±0.15	4.26±1.60	NS
10	CD44V6	1.17±0.28	3.78±0.61	<0.01
11	COX-1	1.07±0.15	3.24±0.60	<0.01
12	PPAR-γ	1.13±0.22	0.86±0.24	NS
13	p21^cip/waf1	1.11±0.17	0.51±0.07	<0.05
14	PPAR-δ	1.16±0.27	0.44±0.05	<0.05
15	PPAR-α	1.04±0.12	0.17±0.03	<0.001

Gene expression levels were determined using RT-PCR. In no. 1~5, 𝑛=13 in the wildtype littermate group; 𝑛=14, in the individual polyp group; in no. 6~15, 𝑛=6 in the wildtype littermate group; 𝑛=10 in the individual polyp group. Significance was determined by t-test.