Motivating Factors and Psychosocial Barriers to Condom Use among out-of-School Youths in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Cross Sectional Survey Using the Health Belief Model

Table 3

Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) from logistic regression analyses that examined the association between selected determinants of behavioural change and noncondom use in past 3 months by gender (𝑛=296).

Variables	^aMales (𝑛=160)			^bFemales (𝑛=136)
Bivariate analysis	𝑃 value	OR	95% CI	𝑃-value	OR	95% CI
Had sex while drunk	0.480	0.87	0.58–1.30	<0.001^†	0.39	0.20–0.75
Experienced forced sex	<0.01*	1.66	1.12–2.35	<0.01*	1.43	1.14–2.77
Demanded unprotected sex from partner	<0.01*	1.58	1.10–2.27	0.765	0.94	0.60–1.45
I feel shy to buy condoms	<0.001^†	1.12	1.10–1.24	<0.001^†	1.30	1.05–1.17
Condoms reduce sexual pleasure	<0.001^†	1.20	1.13–1.27	<0.001^†	1.27	1.05–1.54
Cannot convince partner to use condoms	0.063	0.94	0.84–1.06	<0.01*	1.10	1.02–1.18
Discussed condom use prior to sex	0.521	0.91	0.82–1.95	<0.001^†	0.57	0.49–0.67
HIV is a serious and deadly disease	<0.001^†	0.40	0.18–0.63	<0.001^†	0.51	0.33–0.78
Multivariate analysis^§	𝑃-value	AOR	95% CI	𝑃-value	AOR	95% CI
Had sex while drunk	0.520	0.91	0.62–1.34	<0.001^†	0.16	0.13–0.21
Experienced forced sex	0.574	1.14	0.73–1.76	<0.01*	1.16	1.10–2.78
I feel shy to buy condoms	<0.001^†	1.16	1.12–1.34	0.58	0.78	0.29–2.10
Condoms reduce sexual pleasure	<0.001^†	8.19	3.98–17.01	<0.001^†	8.29	3.39–20.73
Cannot convince partner to use condoms	0.071	0.92	0.76–1.16	<0.01*	1.14	1.04–1.28
Discussed condoms use prior to sex	0.561	0.45	0.11–1.05	<0.001^†	0.41	0.18–0.63
HIV is a serious and deadly disease	<0.001^†	0.36	0.28–0.46	<0.001^†	0.39	0.21–0.66

^†𝑃<0.001; *𝑃<0.01.
^a2 Log likelihood test: 176.5; 𝑅² .224; ^b2 Log likelihood test: 138.5; 𝑅² .257.
^§Adjusted for sociodemographic, risky behaviours, psychosocial and motivating variables.