Constructed Borrow-Pit Wetlands as Habitat for Aquatic Birds in the Peace Parkland, Canada

Table 4

Summary of Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling and Multiresponse Permutation Procedure (MRPP) results for assemblages of aquatic birds on 200 borrow pits in the Peace Parkland, Alberta, in May, June, July, and August 2007. P values in bold indicate statistically significant differences. Ag. = agricultural ponds.

Month	Number of species in ordination	Number of axes in solution	Percent of variance explained by axes				MRPP results		Pairwise comparisons: P values^a
			Axis 1	Axis 2	Axis 3	Total	A	P	Ag. versus mixed	Ag. versus forest	Mixed versus forest
May	12	4	18.2	25.9	16.2	60.4	0.07	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.03
June	10	3	28.4	36.9	25.2	90.6	0.07	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.11
July	7	3	26.5	32.1	30.7	89.3	0.08	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	0.03
August	8	3	26.9	33.7	22.1	82.7	0.07	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.09

^aBonferroni adjusted α set to 0.017 level for pairwise comparisons.