Assessment of Some Inflammatory Biomarkers as Predictors of Outcome of Acute Respiratory Failure on Top of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Evaluation of the Role of Bacteria

Table 1

Baseline clinical characteristics of the patients.

Baseline characteristics	Cases	Percentage (%)
Age (years)
Mean ± SD (range)	56.61 ± 7.87 (45–81)
Gender
Male/female	26/7	(79%)/(21%)
Smoking status
Current smokers	11	(33%)
Ex-smokers	15	(46%)
Passive smokers	7	(21%)
Smoking index (p/yr)
Mean ± SD (range)	40.25 ± 23 (10–120)
BMI (kg/m2)
Mean ± SD (Range)	28.8 ± 8 (12.7–42)
Presence of comorbidities	18	(54%)
Hypertension	13	(37%)
Diabetes mellitus	7	(21%)
Others	6	(17%)
Ischemic heart disease	3	(9.1%)
History of deep vein thrombosis	2	(6.1%)
Liver cirrhosis	1	(3%)
Sleep apnea syndrome (OSA)	10	(30.3%)
History of exacerbation
Less than or 3 times/year	11	(33%)
Previous mechanical ventilation	3	(9%)
More than 3 times/year	22	(67%)
Previous mechanical ventilation	6	(18%)

OSA: obstructive sleep apnea, p/yr: pack/year.