Review Article

The Use of Ketogenic Diet in Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy

Table 5

Carbohydrate content in pediatric antibiotic medications and daily total carbohydrate estimates for a five-year-old child (weighing 18 kg) on maximum recommended treatment doses (concerns for the patient on a ketogenic diet) [5] a . Medications with high carbohydrate content (≥2 g per dose) are highlighted in bold.

AntibioticsDosage unit Grams carbohydrate per dosage unit Maximum daily dose for an 18 kg 5-year-old childDaily carbohydrate total from maximum dosing of medication for a 18 kg 5-year-old child (grams)

Amoxicillin pediatric drops (Amoxil)50 mg/mL1.6100 mg/kg/dayn/a for this patient
Amoxicillin oral suspension (Amoxil)125 mg/5 mL1.7100 mg/kg/day24.5
Amoxicillin oral suspension (Amoxil)250 mg/5 mL1.85100 mg/kg/day13.3
Amoxicillin oral suspension (Amoxil)400 mg/5 mL1.88100 mg/kg/day8.46
Amoxicillin chewable tablets (Amoxil)125 mg0.05100 mg/kg/day0.7
Amoxicillin chewable tablets (Amoxil)250 mg0.34100 mg/kg/day2.4
Amoxicillin capsules (Amoxil)250 mg0100 mg/kg/day0
Amoxicillin capsules (Amoxil)500 mg0100 mg/kg/day0
Amoxicillin oral suspension (Trimox)125 mg/5 mL3.3100 mg/kg/day47.5
Amoxicillin oral suspension (Trimox)250 mg/5 mL3.3100 mg/kg/day23.8
Amoxicillin capsules (Trimox)250 mg0100 mg/kg/day0
Amoxicillin capsules (Trimox)500 mg0100 mg/kg/day0
Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium oral suspension (Augmentin)125 mg/5 mL0.5240 mg/kg/day amoxicillin component3
Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium oral suspension (Augmentin)200 mg/5 mL0.0645 mg/kg/day amoxicillin component0.2
Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium oral suspension (Augmentin)250 mg/5 mL0.645 mg/kg/day amoxicillin component1.9
Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium oral suspension (Augmentin)400 mg/5 mL0.06100 mg/kg/day amoxicillin component0.3
Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium chewable tablets (Augmentin)125 mg0.0845 mg/kg/day amoxicillin component0.5
Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium chewable tablets (Augmentin)250 mg0.3445 mg/kg/day amoxicillin component1
Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium chewable tablets (Augmentin)400 mg0.36100 mg/kg/day amoxicillin component1.6
Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium tablets (Augmentin)250 mg0.0245 mg/kg/day amoxicillin component<1
Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium tablets (Augmentin)500 mg0.0245 mg/kg/day amoxicillin component<1
Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium tablets (Augmentin)875 mg0.03100 mg/kg/day amoxicillin component<1
Ampicillin oral suspension (Omnipen)125 mg/5 mL4100 mg/kg/day57.6
Ampicillin oral suspension (Omnipen)250 mg/5 mL4100 mg/kg/day28.8
Azithromycin oral suspension (Zithromax)100 mg/5 mL3.8610 mg/kg/day6.9
Azithromycin tablets (Zithromax)250 mg0.0610 mg/kg/day<1
Cefaclor oral suspension (Ceclor)125 mg/5 mL2.9540 mg/kg/day17
Cefaclor oral suspension (Ceclor)187 mg/5 mL2.8340 mg/kg/day10.9
Cefaclor oral suspension (Ceclor)250 mg/5 mL2.8340 mg/kg/day8.2
Cefaclor oral suspension (Ceclor)375 mg/5 mL2.640 mg/kg/day5
Cefaclor pulvules (Ceclor)250 mg0.0440 mg/kg/day<1
Cefaclor pulvules (Ceclor)500 mg0.0740 mg/kg/day<1
Cefadroxil oral suspension (Duricef)250 mg/5 mL330 mg/kg/day6.5
Cefadroxil oral suspension (Duricef)125 mg/5 mL3.130 mg/kg/day13.4
Cefadroxil capsules (Duricef)500 mg0.1330 mg/kg/day0.13
Cefadroxil film-coated tablets (Duricef)1 g0.1330 mg/kg/day<1
Cefixime oral suspension (Suprax)100 mg/5 mL2.78 mg/kg/day3.9
Cefixime tablets (Suprax)200 mg0.068 mg/kg/dayn/a
Cefixime tablets (Suprax)400 mg0.128 mg/kg/dayn/a
Cefpodoxime proxetil oral suspension (Vantin)50 mg/5 mL310 mg/kg/day10.8
Cefpodoxime proxetil oral suspension (Vantin)100 mg/5 mL3.0510 mg/kg/day5.5
Cefpodoxime proxetil tablets (Vantin)100 mg0.0410 mg/kg/day<1
Cefpodoxime proxetil tablets (Vantin)200 mg0.0810 mg/kg/day0.08
Cefprozil oral suspension (Cefzil)125 mg/5 mL220 mg/kg/day5.8
Cefprozil oral suspension (Cefzil)250 mg/5 mL1.920 mg/kg/day2.7
Cefprozil tablets (Cefzil)250 mg0.0220 mg/kg/day<0.1
Cefprozil tablets (Cefzil)500 mg0.0320 mg/kg/day<0.1
Cefuroxime axetil suspension (Ceftin)125 mg/5 mL3.2330 mg/kg/day14
Cefuroxime axetil tablets (Ceftin)125 mg030 mg/kg/day0
Cefuroxime axetil tablets (Ceftin)250 mg030 mg/kg/day0
Cefuroxime axetil tablets (Ceftin)500 mg030 mg/kg/day0
Cephalexin oral suspension (Keflex)125 mg/5 mL3.13100 mg/kg/day45.1
Cephalexin oral suspension (Keflex)250 mg/5 mL3.03100 mg/kg/day21.8
Cephalexin pulvules (Keflex)250 mg0.13100 mg/kg/day0.9
Cephalexin pulvules (Keflex)500 mg0.13100 mg/kg/day0.4
Ciprofloxacin tablets (Cipro)250 mg0.0430 mg/kg/day0.1
Ciprofloxacin tablets (Cipro)500 mg0.0730 mg/kg/day0.07
Ciprofloxacin tablets (Cipro)750 mg0.1130 mg/kg/day0.11
Ciprofloxacin oral suspension (Cipro)250 mg/5 mL1.430 mg/kg/day3
Ciprofloxacin oral suspension (Cipro)500 mg/5 mL1.340 mg/kg/day1.4
Clarithromycin suspension (Biaxin)125 mg/5 mL315 mg/kg/day6.5
Clarithromycin suspension (Biaxin)250 mg/5 mL2.315 mg/kg/day2.5
Clarithromycin tablets (Biaxin)250 mg0.0715 mg/kg/day0.07
Clarithromycin tablets (Biaxin)500 mg015 mg/kg/day0
Erythromycin base tablets (Ery-Tab)333 mg050 mg/kg/day0
Erythromycin base tablets (Ery-Tab)500 mg050 mg/kg/day0
Erythromycin estolate oral suspension (Ilosone)125 mg/5 mL1.8550 mg/kg/day13.3
Erythromycin estolate oral suspension (Ilosone)250 mg/5 mL1.850 mg/kg/day6.5
Erythromycin estolate pulvules (Ilosone)250 mg050 mg/kg/day0
Erythromycin estolate tablets (Ilosone)500 mg0.1150 mg/kg/day0.2
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate drops (EryPed)10 mg/2.5 mL1.550 mg/kg/dayn/a
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate chewable tablets (EryPed)200 mg1.4450 mg/kg/day6.5
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate suspension (E.E.S.)200 mg/5 mL3.550 mg/kg/day15.8
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate suspension (E.E.S.)400 mg/5 mL3.550 mg/kg/day7.9
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate granules (E.E.S.)200 mg/5 mL1.550 mg/kg/day6.8
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate filmtabs (E.E.S.)400 mg0.250 mg/kg/day0.4
Erythromycin ethyl + sulfisoxazole acetyl suspension (Pediazole)200 mg/5 mL1.950 mg/kg/day8.6
Erythromycin ethyl + sulfisoxazole acetyl suspension (Pediazole)600 mg/5 mL1.950 mg/kg/day2.9
Nitrofurantoin oral suspension (Furadantin)25 mg/5 mL0.77 mg/kg/day3.5
Penicillin V potassium oral suspension125 mg/5 mL2.5350 mg/kg/day18.2
Penicillin V potassium oral suspension250 mg/5 mL3.2850 mg/kg/day11.8
Penicillin V potassium tablets250 mg0.0950 mg/kg/day0.3
Penicillin V potassium tablets500 mg050 mg/kg/day0
Trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) suspension (Septra)40 mg
TMP/200 mg
SMX/5 mL
2.3520 mg/kg/day
TMP component
21.2
Trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) grape suspension (Septra)40 mg
TMP/200 mg
SMX/5 mL
2.3520 mg/kg/day
TMP component
21.2
Trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) tablets (Septra)80 mg
TMP/400 mg
SMX/5 mL
020 mg/kg/day
TMP component
0
Trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) double strength tablets (Septra)160 mg
TMP/800 mg
SMX/5 mL
020 mg/kg/day
TMP component
0

aFor a five-year-old child weighing 18 kg, the maximum recommended carbohydrate amount is 21 g per day for the 3 : 1 classic ketogenic diet.