Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challenges
Figure 3
Dual pulse configurations (a) shows collinear configuration; the first pulse ablates the sample and the second one reheats the plasma [34], (b) is an orthogonal pre-ablative configuration; the first pulse creates a spark on the surrounding media and the second one ablates the sample [14, 35], (c) shows the same idea as (a), but the plasma is reheated in an orthogonal way [36].
