Navigating the Difficult Robotic Assisted Pyeloplasty

Figure 1

Standard port placement for RAP. 8 mm robotic ports are placed in the upper and lower quadrant midclavicular lines. The 12 mm camera port is placed near the umbilicus. A 12 mm assistant port is placed in the suprapubic midline (circle). In right-sided cases, a midaxillary 5 mm port (arrow) may be needed for liver retraction. In obese patients, the assistant port may need to be moved to the subxiphoid region (square) or the midline (triangle) (assuming that the robotic ports have been moved laterally). (Figure adapted from [5] with permissions from the puplisher).