Risk Factors at Birth for Permanent Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury and Associated Osseous Deformities

Table 3

Comparison of osseous deformity in patients with and without finger movement at birth.

	Movement at birth		No movement at birth
Variable	Avg	n	Avg	n	P
PHHA* (%)	16±20	69	23±22	123	0.005
Version* (deg)	−32±14	69	−25±17	123	0.001
SHEAR* (%)	15±13	58	12±12	94	0.15
	%	n	%	n	P
Non-pseudoglenoid^†	67 (55–77)	47/70	81 (73–87)	100/124	0.055

All patients suffered permanent obstetric brachial plexus injury. Proportions were compared with Fisher’s exact test and provided with 95% confidence intervals. Averages are given with standard deviation and were compared with the Mann Whitney U-test.
*PHHA: percent humeral head anterior to the scapular line. Version: degree the glenoid is rotated from normal (retroversion). SHEAR: scapular hypoplasia, elevation, and rotation as measured by percent scapula superior to clavicle.
^†The glenoid was normal or moderately deformed but had not developed a pseudoglenoid.