Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Focus on Different Aspects of Management

Table 1

Staging system and prognostic variables used in the staging systems in HCC (adapted from [68] with permission of the HPB (Oxford) journal).

Classification	Type	Stage	Tumor stage	Liver function	Health status
Okuda stage	System	Stage I, II, III	50% liver involvement	Bilirubin; Albumin; Ascites	—
French	Score	A: 0 points; B: 1–5 points; C: 56 points	Portal invasion AFP	Bilirubin Alkaline phosphatase	Karnofsky
CLIP	Score	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6	Portal invasion 5/450% liver involvement AFP	Child-Pugh	—
BCLC staging	Staging	0: Very early; A: Early; B: Intermediate; C: Advanced; D: End-stage	Portal invasion; Metastases; Morphology; Okuda	Child-Pugh; Portal; hypertension; Bilirubin	PST
TNM staging	System	Stage I, II, III	Morphology; Vascular invasion; Metastases	Fibrosis	—
CUPI	Score	Low risk: score ≤1; Intermediate: score 2–7; High: score ≥ 8	TNM; AFP	Ascites Bilirubin	Symptoms
JIS	Score	Stage I, II, III, IV	TNM	Child-Pugh	—