Sex Variability in Pediatric Leukemia Survival: Large Cohort Evidence
Table 1
(a) Study variables characterized by sex of pediatric patients diagnosed with leukemia, 1973–2006. (b) Five-year interval survival percentage of pediatric leukemia patients overall and by sex.
(a)
Covariates
Boys
Girls
(df)
value
n (%)
n (%)
Race
3.81 (3)
0.28
White
7087 (88.2)
5348 (81.1)
Black
657 (7.6)
555 (8.4)
Others
843 (9.8)
663 (10.1)
Unknown
35 (0.4)
27 (0.4)
Age at diagnosis (yrs)
49.76 (4)
<0.0001
<1.0
386 (4.5)
385 (5.8)
1.0−4.0
3411 (39.6)
2650 (40.2)
5.0–9.0
1871 (21.7)
1550 (23.5)
10.0–14.0
1450 (16.8)
1094 (16.5)
15.0−19.0
1504 (17.4)
914 (13.9)
Year of diagnosis
5.72 (6)
0.46
1973–1977
683 (7.9)
488 (7.4)
1978–1982
641 (7.4)
516 (7.8)
1983–1987
711 (8.2)
550 (8.3)
1988–1992
865 (10.0)
661 (10.0)
1993–1998
1290 (15.0)
1005 (15.2)
1999–2002
2167 (25.1)
1720 (26.1)
2003–2006
2265 (26.3)
1653 (25.1)
Number of primaries
3.16 (1)
0.07
1.0
8499 (98.6)
6475 (98.2)
≥ 2.0
123 (1.4)
118 (1.8)
Survival time (months)
<0.0001
Median
45.0
51.0
Mean (sd)
79.32 (88.4)
85.87 (93.06)
Mortality status
23.6 (1)
<0.0001
Alive
5815 (67.4)
4689 (71.1)
Dead
2807 (32.6)
1904 (28.9)
Radiation
23.2 (1)
<0.0001
Yes
1622 (18.8)
1043 (15.8)
No
7000 (81.2)
5550 (84.2)
Abbreviations and notes: sd = standard deviation. The significance level is 0.01 (1% type 1 error tolerance).
(b)
Survival percentage by sex
Survival time interval (months)
Overall survival (%)
Boys (%)
Girls (%)
0–60
67.9
66.3
70.1
60–120
63.0
60.9
65.7
120–180
61.0
58.8
63.8
180–240
59.6
57.3
62.6
240–300
58.9
56.6
61.8
300–360
57.1
55.7
60.1
360–420
55.6
53.9
58.0
Notes: the maximum followup time was 408 months. The survival interval for the last row is 360–408 months but presented as 360–420 to meet the five-year survival cutoff point.
