The Management of Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Hypoglycaemic Agents

Table 2

Mechanism, site of action, and efficacy for oral Antidiabetic agents and CHD benefit.

Drug class	Mechanism of action	Primary site of action	Reduction in FBS	Reduction in HbA1c	CHD benefit
Sulfonylureas∴	Insulin release	Pancreas	3.34–3.88	1.0–2.0	−
Nonsulfonylurea secretagogues	Insulin release	Pancreas	3.34–3.88	0.07–2.0	−
Biguanides	Hepatic glucose production; insulin sensitivity in hepatic and peripheral tissues	Liver; peripheral tissues	3.34–3.88	1.0–2.0	+
Thiazolidinediones	Insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues; hepatic glucose production	Peripheral tissues; liver	1.90–2.22	0.7–1.0	+
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors	Delay carbohydrate absorption	Small intestines	1.38–1.66	0.5–1.0	+
DDPIV inhibitors*	Enhance endogenous GLP-1	β-cell, stomach, liver	0.5–1.0	0.73–1.2	+/−
SGLT-2^#	Inhibitor of renal proximal tubular reabsorption	Renal tubular SGLT-2 receptor	0.6–1.2	0.37–0.72	+/−

DeFronzo [17]; Nathan [66].
^#Bailey et al. [45]. *Amori et al. [41].