Center-Vortex Loops with One Self-Intersection

Figure 2

(Topological) transition from the 𝑁=0 sector (a), (b), (c) to the 𝑁=1 sector (d) by twisting and subsequent capture of a magnetic (anti)monopole in the core of the final intersection. Arrows indicate the direction of center flux.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)