International Scholarly Research Notices

Research Article

High-Fat Programming of Hyperglycemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Insulin Resistance, Hyperleptinemia, and Altered Islet Architecture in 3-Month-Old Wistar Rats

Table 1

Weight, fasting circulating leptin, glucose and insulin concentrations, and HOMA in 3-month-old male and female rats.
 ControlHFGHFPHFGP
Body weight (g)    
 Males 2 3 5 ± 6 . 4 8
𝑛 = 3 6 		2 7 9 ± 1 6 . 1 9
𝑛 = 6 		3 0 1 ± 1 8 . 6 7 ∗
𝑛 = 1 3 		4 0 2 ± 1 3 . 9 2 ∗ † ‡
𝑛 = 8
 Females 2 0 0 ± 8 . 8 1
𝑛 = 8 		2 1 5 ± 3 2 . 7 9
𝑛 = 3 		2 6 3 ± 2 2 . 9 8
𝑛 = 7 		—
Leptin (ng/mL)    
 Males 0 . 6 5 ± 0 . 1 0
𝑛 = 8 		0 . 5 0 ± 0 . 0 0
𝑛 = 3 		4 . 9 4 ± 1 . 2 3 ∗
𝑛 = 7 		1 2 . 2 0 ± 1 . 7 4 ∗ † ‡
𝑛 = 3
 Females 0 . 6 5 ± 0 . 1 0
𝑛 = 8 		0 . 6 0 ± 0 . 1 0
𝑛 = 3 		4 . 8 0 ± 1 . 2 9 ∗
𝑛 = 7 		—
Glucose (mmol/L)    
 Males 7 . 3 ± 0 . 2 5
𝑛 = 4 0 		9 . 7 ± 1 . 0 8
𝑛 = 1 0 		1 1 . 2 ± 1 . 0 9 ∗
𝑛 = 1 7 		1 0 . 8 ± 1 . 5 9 ∗
𝑛 = 8
 Females 5 . 8 ± 1 . 8 1
𝑛 = 6 		7 . 9 ± 1 . 6 1
𝑛 = 3 		1 5 . 9 ± 0 . 6 7 ∗ †
𝑛 = 7 		—
Insulin ( 𝜇 U/mL)    
 Males 1 8 5 . 0 ± 4 1 . 3 6
𝑛 = 2 6 		1 0 9 . 5 ± 3 0 . 4 7
𝑛 = 5 		4 0 7 . 4 ± 6 5 . 0 1
𝑛 = 1 3 		6 6 9 . 1 ± 4 2 0 . 1 0 ∗ †
𝑛 = 3
 Females 1 7 4 . 8 ± 7 9 . 3 9
𝑛 = 8 		7 5 . 1 ± 5 . 1 9
𝑛 = 3 		3 2 8 . 2 ± 2 4 . 6 7
𝑛 = 7 		—
HOMA-insulin resistance    
 Males 7 9 . 4 ± 1 9 . 5 3
𝑛 = 1 8 		3 7 . 9 ± 9 . 3 1
𝑛 = 4 		1 8 8 . 8 ± 3 0 . 4 7
𝑛 = 1 1 		3 7 8 . 0 ± 1 8 1 . 1 0 ∗ †
𝑛 = 3
 Females 1 7 . 1 ± 2 . 0 2
𝑛 = 4 		2 6 . 6 ± 6 . 9 7
𝑛 = 3 		2 3 6 . 5 ± 5 2 . 8 7 ∗ †
𝑛 = 3 		—
HOMA-beta-cell function    
 Males 1 1 2 7 ± 3 1 7 . 4
𝑛 = 1 8 		2 6 7 ± 5 5 . 0
𝑛 = 4 		1 7 5 3 ± 5 4 8 . 4
𝑛 = 1 0 		1 6 0 0 ± 1 2 5 6 . 0
𝑛 = 3
 Females 6 9 ± 2 0 . 3
𝑛 = 4 		2 3 ± 7 . 4
𝑛 = 3 		2 0 ± 2 . 1
𝑛 = 3 		—
HFG: high-fat diet during fetal life; HFP: high-fat diet during postnatal life; HFGP: high-fat diet during both fetal and postnatal life. Data are means ± SEM. ∗ 𝑃 < 0 . 0 5 versus control; † 𝑃 < 0 . 0 5 versus HFG; ‡ 𝑃 < 0 . 0 5 versus HFP.