External Validation of an Artificial Neural Network and Two Nomograms for Prostate Cancer Detection

Table 2

Mean and median values with ranges for age, tPSA, %fPSA, prostate volume, PSAD, and number of positive (suspicious) DREs in all, PCa, and NEM patients for both cohorts.

Variable	External validation cohort			“ProstataClass” cohort^+			P value
	All; 𝑛=282	PCa; 𝑛=101	NEM; 𝑛=181	All; 𝑛=798	PCa; 𝑛=468	NEM; 𝑛=330
Age (years)
Mean	66	67	67	64	63	66
Median	67^*	68^*	66^*	64	63	66	<0.0005
Range	46–83	50–82	46–83	38–85	43–79	38–85
tPSA (ng/mL)
Mean	6.84	6.83	6.85	7.54	8.77	5.81
Median	6.66	6.66	6.79	6.63	7.75	4.69	0.387
Range	4.01–9.99	4.01–9.61	4.06–9.99	0.49–27.04	0.86–24.02	0.49–27.04
%fPSA (%)
Mean	15.67	13.14	17.1	14.84	11.30	19.86
Median	15.0^*	12.0^*	16.0^*	12.75	10.27	18.31	0.002
Range	4.0–48.0	5.0–30.0	4.0–48.0	2.52–69.39	3.10–49.86	2.52–69.39
Volume (mL)
Mean	42.62	34.14	47.35	43.7	37.2	52.9
Median	37.65	29.9	43.8	38	34	45.5	0.900
Range	7.1–171	7.1–100	15–171	10–180	10–110	13–180
PSAD (tPSA/Vol.)
Mean	0.197	0.242	0.172	0.211	0.276	0.120
Median	0.174	0.221	0.154	0.157	0.224	0.086	0.030
Range	0.04–0.80	0.05–0.80	0.04–0.55	0.01–1.35	0.03–1.35	0.01–1.00
No. pos. DRE (%)	67 (23.8%)^*	37 (36.6%)^*	30 (16.6%)^*	314 (39.3%)	284 (60.7%)	30 (9.1%)	<0.0005

+PSA and %fPSA of “ProstataClass” cohort using the Beckman Access assay.
^*Significantly different from “ProstataClass” cohort.