Reduction of Oxygen-Carrying Capacity Weakens the Effects of Increased Plasma Viscosity on Cardiac Performance in Anesthetized Hemodilution Model

Table 2

Cardiac function indices measured and derived from a pressure-volume (PV) measurement for the 1-step hemodilution and the 2-step hemodilution.

Group	Protocol	Baseline		30 min after hemodilution		60 min after hemodilution
		Dx70	Dx2M	Dx70	Dx2M	Dx70	Dx2M
𝑃es (mmHg)	1HD	122 ± 5	118 ± 6	106 ± 12^*	109 ± 10	105 ± 8^*	105 ± 10^*
	2HD	117 ± 10	120 ± 7	88±9^*,†	96 ± 5^*,†	86 ± 7^*,†	96 ± 8^*
𝑃ed (mmHg)	1HD	7 ± 2	8 ± 4	9 ± 2	8 ± 2	9 ± 2	8 ± 2
	2HD	5 ± 2	6 ± 2	7 ± 3	7 ± 1	6 ± 2	7 ± 1
𝑑𝑃/𝑑𝑡max (mmHg/s)	1HD	14,649 ± 1,278	12,810 ± 1,194	12,707 ± 1,155^*	11,832 ± 2,404	11,668 ± 1,107^*	12,045 ± 1,460
	2HD	14,060 ± 1,245	16,001 ± 1,454	10,054 ± 1,117^*,†	11,194 ± 1,084^*	10,555 ± 1,524^*	10,631 ± 1,460^*
𝑑𝑃/𝑑𝑡min (mmHg/s)	1HD	−12,583 ± 2,176	−13,980 ± 1,470	−10,370 ± 2,166	−11,264 ± 1,677^*	−9,723 ± 1,847	−9,352 ± 1,771^*
	2HD	−12,689 ± 3,151	−13,846 ± 1,525	−8,683 ± 1,535^*	−9,242 ± 1,870^*	−8,474 ± 1,805^*,†	−8,672 ± 1,167^*
CO (mL/min)	1HD	9 ± 3	10 ± 2	11 ± 4	12 ± 3	10 ± 4	13 ± 3
	2HD	9 ± 1	10 ± 2	9 ± 1	10 ± 1	9 ± 1	11 ± 1^‡
SV (μL)	1HD	18 ± 7	21 ± 4	22 ± 9	26 ± 8	22 ± 8	28 ± 8
	2HD	19 ± 3	21 ± 4	21 ± 5	23 ± 5	21 ± 4	24 ± 4
SW (mmHg·μL)	1HD	2,020 ± 691	2,223 ± 450	2,257 ± 863	2,703 ± 833	2,181 ± 781	2,835 ± 875
	2HD	2,137 ± 429	2,280 ± 388	1,881 ± 370	2,183 ± 404	1,875 ± 300	2,254 ± 312

Values are presented as means ± SD. 𝑃_es, end systolic pressure; 𝑃_ed, end diastolic pressure; 𝑑𝑃/𝑑𝑡_max, maximum rate of pressure change; 𝑑𝑃/𝑑𝑡_min, minimum rate of pressure change; CO: cardiac output; SV: stroke volume; SW: stroke work. ^∗𝑃<0.05 compared with baseline. ^†𝑃<0.05 compared with 1-step hemodilution using same plasma expander. ^‡𝑃<0.05 compared with Dx70 in the same step hemodilution.