Characterization of Biochar Properties Affected by Different Pyrolysis Temperatures Using Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Table 3

Statistics of calibration and prediction samples.

Biochar property^a	Calibration set		Prediction set
	Range	Mean ± s.d.^b	Range	Mean ± s.d.
Ash (wt.%)	1.4~11.2	4.5±3.3	1.4~11.1	4.5±3.3
VM (wt.%)	14.6~37.5	26.3±6.7	14.9~38.0	26.3±6.6
Fc (wt.%)	60.2~79.5	69.2±5.7	59.6~79.9	69.2±5.7
CV (MJ/kg)	25.1~29.5	26.9±1.4	25.0~29.6	26.9±1.4

^aVM: volatile matter content; Fc: fixed carbon content; CV: calorific value.
^bs.d.: standard deviation.