Research Article
Characterization of Biochar Properties Affected by Different Pyrolysis Temperatures Using Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Table 4
Calibration and prediction results of partial least squares (PLS) regression models developed for ash, volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (Fc) contents and calorific value (CV) with BOC-transformed spectra of biochar samples.
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aNumber of factors used in PLS model. bRoot mean squared error of calibration. cRoot mean squared error of cross-validation. dRoot mean squared error of prediction. eResidual predictive deviation, which is the ratio of standard deviation of reference values of the prediction set to the RMSEP. |